Laurence C. Walker

Forests

A Naturalist's Guide to Woodland Trees

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

First published in 1990, Forests explores the ecological, economic, and human influences on over thirty significant types of woodlands. Laurence Walker focuses especially on the effects of site factors-climate, physiography, biology, and soils-upon the growth of various kinds of trees. Projects for amateur naturalists, reading lists, and a glossary make this the perfect introduction for general readers.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: University of Texas Press
• UNIV OF TEXAS P
• Seitenzahl: 304
• Erscheinungstermin: 1. September 1997
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 229mm x 152mm x 16mm
• Gewicht: 443g
• ISBN-13: 9780292791121
• ISBN-10: 0292791127
• Artikelnr.: 21986040

Autorenporträt

By Laurence C. Walker

Inhaltsangabe

1. Preface 2. 1. The Changing Forest: Seeds and Their Seedlings
On Roots
Ecological Succession
A Little Knowledge Is … 3. The Needleleaf Trees * 2. Westward Wood: Douglas-fir: Taxonomic “Confusion Worse Confounded,”
Reforest-and-Stay-Put
When Clearcutting Is Not Evil
On Imitating Nature
When Fire Is Not Evil
When Red Alder Is Not Evil
Ecological Associates * 3. Dwarf and Giant: Longleaf Pine: The Grass Stage
Growing Straight and Tall
A Needle Blight
Predator Pests
Seed for the Sowing
The New Forest * 4. Tall Timbers: Coast Redwood: Sequoias Are Not All Redwoods
Four Factors of Site
A Conifer That Sprouts
The Shortest Distance Is Up and Down
Wood of Redwood
Tribute to the Chief * 5. Murky Bottom and Droughty Land: Loblolly Pine: Indian Influences
Virgin Forest and Second-Growth
Clearcutting Is Good Ecology
Phenology
Habitat
Uses of the Trees * 6. Ancient Wonders: Bristlecone Pine: Trees of the Past
Trees for the Future * 7. Redcedar Riddle: Eastern Redcedar: Cedar Sites
Measurements Follow Observations * 8. Enduring Giants: Giant Sequoia: Sentinels of the Sierras
Sequoia, Chief Among Trees
Big Tree, Little Seed
A Riddle
Tall Trees, Tough Men
Climb and Climate
Ancient World, Old World, and New World Meet * 9. Up from the Ashes: Sand, Pond, Pitch, Jack, and Lodgepole Pines: Tree for a Sandy Land
Tree for a Swampy Land
Tree for a Barren Land
Tree for a Desecrated Land
Tree for a Rocky Land
Trees for Many Lands * 10. Mountain Heights to Low Bogs: Spruce and Fir Trees: Alike, Yet Different
Distinctions Between the Spruces
Flowers and Seeds
Spruce—Fir and Wildlife
Insect and Disease Attack
Uses of the Wood
Chemical Uses
Ecological Trends
Locales
Scandinavia’s Presentation to North America
Names and Their Derivations
Big Trees Among Them
The Muskeg Bog
Appalachian Balds * 11. Trees on the Range: Junipers and Pinyon Pine: “A Worthy Purpose,”
“Be It Ever So Humble,”
“The Company One Keeps,”
Extending the Range
Holding the Line
A Nature Note * 12. Swamp Dweller: Baldcypress: About the Old Forest
About the New Forest
Woodland Cathedral
Blue Elbow
Knees and Swollen Butts
A Wood Worth Growing * 13. Timber for a King: Eastern White Pine: Where It Grows
A Southern Highland Situation
How It Grows
A Northern Highland Situation
White Birch Nurse Trees
A Nutritional Malady
A Barren Land Reclaimed
Chemical Tests as a Tool
Foliage Symptoms for Diagnosing Ailments
An Insect Malady
Sunshine, a Malady
A Pathological Malady
An Environmental Malady
And White Pine Blister Rust * 14. From Monterey to the World: Monterey Pine: At Home and Abroad
Climate Preference
Soil Preferences
Discriminating Preferences
Chromosomal Preferences
Flowers and Seeds
Mycorrhizae—The Good-Guy Fungi
Some Pros and Cons
To the World * 15. Woods of Longevity: White-Cedars and Junipers: Atlantic White-Cedar
Acid Swamps
Seeds and Seedlings
Regeneration
Wildlife in These Woods
Problems for Atlantic White-Cedar
Northern White-Cedar
Northern White-Cedar Wood
From Seed to Harvest
Landscapes’ Choice
Cedars of the Brakes, the Glades, and the Basin * 16. Pioneer Plant for Paper Pulp: Virginia Pine: Where They Grow
How They Grow
Christmas Trees * 17. Krummholz and Elfinwood: Subalpine Fir: Associates Among the Trees
Associates Among the Lesser Plants
Associates Among the Animals
Spire-Shaped and Prostrate Habit * 18. Sandhills and Flatwoods: Slash Pine: Sandhills Sites
Flatwoods Forests
Extending the Range
Scientific Exploration 4. The Broadleaf Trees * 19. Lost Bonanza: American Chestnut: The Tree That Had Everything
A Threat That Became a Catastrophe
Salvage
What After Chestnut?
Toward a Future Chestnut * 20. Oranges That Are Apples: Osage-Orange: An Old Tale
Oranges and Apples, the French and the Indians
Shelterbelts and Windbreaks
A Look at the Tree
A Drupe Fruit
Uses for the Wood * 21. Cinderella Cellulose: Trembling Aspen: Bunyan’s Toothpicks
Coppice Reproduction
Single-Sex Trees
Fire Is Not Alone
Cinderella, Did We Say! * 22. Living Riprap: Willows: Kin to Cottonwood
Willow Wood * 23. Toxic Defense: Black Walnut: Allelopathy
Influence on Succession
Walnut Wood
Earlier Uses of the Tree
Walnut in Mythology
Appearance of a Noble Tree
Plantations
Silviculture * 24. From Cotton to Cottonwood: Cottonwood: New Trees
Ecological Characteristics
Tolerance to Flooded Land
Tolerance to Arid Land
Soil Moisture Regulates Growth
Ecological Succession Begins
New Forests Not From Nature
Management Matters
Usefulness
Some Pests: Insects
Other Pests: Fungi
Still Other Pests
The Future * 25. Species Proliferation: The Oaks: Casks and Pipes
Other Uses for White Oak Group Woods
Red Oak Group Wood and Its Uses
The Wood of Both Groups
Outward Appearances—Form
Leaves
Twigs
Flowers and Fruits
Spiral Arrangements
Taxonomists’ Fun and Games
Champion Trees
Problems for the Genus
How Foresters Regenerate Oaks
Biblical Beards * 26. Tree Legume: Black Locust: How the Bacteria Work
Roots, a Tree’s Brain
Nitrogen Is Not a Mineral Fertilizer
Wood of Black Locust
Identifying Characteristics
Mesquite Story
Black Locust for Spoil Banks
Environmental Concern
Black Locust Problems
Final Note * 27. Ship Timbers: Live Oak: What Kind of Tree Is Live Oak?
Ecological Relationships—Dunes
In the Forest
Farmland Competition
What Kind of Wood Does Live Oak Have?
The Live Oakers
Moving the Wood Pieces
Live Oak Trees and Politics
Live Oaks as Monuments * 28. Stink-Bomb Tree: Ginkgo: Tree of Antiquity
A Matter of Mating
Leaf Spigots
Living Scissors * 29. Forests to Fine Furniture: The Northern Hardwoods: Climax Vegetation
Where These Trees Grow
Seeds and Seedlings
Uses of the Wood
Injurious Aspects
Conflict Over Trees * 30. Tropical Hardwoods: The Dipteroearps: Two Wings
Ecological Contemporaries
Reforestation Efforts
Natural Regeneration
Big Fire
Socioforestry
Exploitation and Government Edicts * 31. Low-Mountain Shrubs: Chaparral: Fire and Development * 32. Tree-Like Monocots: Bamboos and Palms: Bamboos
Synchrony, a Physiological Symphony
Palms
See How They Grow
Other Uses of Palm
Cabbage Palms
Royal Palm
Washington Palm
Canary Island Date Palm Problem
Roundup 5. The Forest—Whose Woods These Are * Forests for the Future 6. Afterword 7. Further Reading 8. Glossary 9. Index