This book aims to identify the elements that formed the basis of Brazilian Foreign Policy. To achieve this objective, the actions and treaties of the Joanine Foreign Policy and the First Reign in Brazil will be analyzed. The book makes a critical comparison verifying the convergences and divergences between the two periods studied. The relevance of this research consists in understanding the formulation of Brazilian Foreign Policy from its basis, as it is noted that these periods are little studied. The research is not limited to issues of Foreign Policy, it also develops themes such as the internal transformation of Brazil with the arrival of the Portuguese court and after the independence of Brazil.