The book provides thorough and in-depth understanding of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment and reuse. The prime focus of the research was on the mitigation approaches to control membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors. The two fouling mitigation approaches discussed in detail are the hydrodynamic approach in phase I and physico-chemical approach in phase II of the study. Chapter 1 provides the background concept and research objectives achieved. Chapter 2 provides updated coverage of the MBR technology, membrane fouling and factors affecting it, fouling mechanisms in MBR and fouling mitigation approaches. Chapter 3 provides the methodology undertaken to achieve research objectives and protocols used to determine parameters pertinent to MBR performance, operation and maintenance. Chapter 4 provides the results obtained under the two phases of the study. Chapter 5 provides the conclusions drawn from the two phases and finally noteworthy recommendations for further study.