This publication presents the Proceedings of the oneday international workshop ‘Four Decades of Hiatus in Archaeological Research in Cyprus: Towards Restoring the Balance’ organised by the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, in Lefkosia (Nicosia), on 24 September 2016. The workshop was held within the framework of the three-year research programme ‘Saving Prehistoric Antiquities under Threat’ (SPAUT) (2014–2017). The main objective of SPAUT was the preservation of archaeological evidence at risk through the study and digitisation of moveable cultural property that was excavated prior to 1974, in areas that are not currently under the effective control of the government of the Republic of Cyprus. As a result, over 4,000 finds kept in the storerooms of the Cyprus Museum have been studied and digitally recorded, and artefact assemblages have been connected to their vanished and vanishing archaeological setting. Associated evidence, such as archival material and excavation diaries and notes, have provided valuable information on the archaeological context of finds, the conditions of their recovery and their possible fate. The research undertaken enabled an assessment of the extent of the damage caused to the artefact assemblages as a result of the 1974 invasion, and an estimation of those objects that we should consider as missing. The systematic recording of the finds recovered from sites excavated before 1974 serves not only to preserve evidence through digitisation, but also to contribute to a depository of information that archaeologists, customs officers, students and museum curators outside Cyprus can consult in their efforts to combat the illegal trafficking of Cypriot antiquities. In view of the impact the division of the island has had on the archaeology of Cyprus, the aims of the oneday workshop and the publication of its proceedings are twofold: (a) to present a reappraisal of known evidence from prehistoric sites excavated prior to 1974 in the light of new discoveries made in areas that are under the effective control of the government of the Republic of Cyprus, and (b) to assess what is required to be done in the case of a prospective reunification of the island. The contributors were requested to discuss themes that touch on the evelopments and phenomena of Cypriot prehistory with reference to old and new data. The papers included in this volume present past archaeological research in the light of new discoveries unearthed over the last four decades on Cyprus, and they range chronologically from the Late Epipalaeolithic to the Late Bronze Age.