The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a physical phenomenon in which a certain system behaves as if it were composed of particles with charge smaller than the elementary charge. Its discovery and explanation were recognized by the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics.The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) is a manifestation of simple collective behaviour in a two-dimensional system of strongly interacting electrons. At particular magnetic fields, the electron gas condenses into a remarkable state with liquid-like properties. This state is very delicate, requiring high quality material with a low carrier concentration, and extremely low temperatures. As in the integer quantum Hall effect, a series of plateaus forms in the Hall resistance. Each particular value of the magnetic field corresponds to a filling factor.