This book deals with the impediment that suffers freedom of belief, which goes beyond religious belief and its manifestation, as a result of clashes of civilisations, and their consequences mainly on the horizontal level, on the African continent through Egypt and Nigeria. The central purpose of the work is to see whether "Islam" is a monolith or as if there exist different standards of the freedom of belief in Islamic context from that guaranteed in international human rights instruments. It explores the main sources of Islamic law at the light of those international human rights instruments.