Integrates research findings from across the cognitive sciences to answer the question of why frequency has the effects it has. It generates insights that challenge the way in which frequency has been interpreted in usage-based linguistics and serves as a cross-disciplinary point of reference for discussions of frequency in language.
Integrates research findings from across the cognitive sciences to answer the question of why frequency has the effects it has. It generates insights that challenge the way in which frequency has been interpreted in usage-based linguistics and serves as a cross-disciplinary point of reference for discussions of frequency in language.
Dagmar Divjak is a Professorial Research Fellow at the University of Birmingham where she holds a Chair in Cognitive Linguistics and Language Cognition. She is Editor-in-Chief of the journal Cognitive Linguistics and co-editor of Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (2015, with Ewa D¿browska) and author of Structuring the Lexicon (2010).
Inhaltsangabe
Introduction: 1. Frequency of experience 2. A cognitive perspective on language 3. What this book is not about 4. What this book is about Part I: 5. Counting occurrences: how frequency made its way into the study of language 5.1. The frequency wars: the role of frequency in nativist and nurturist frameworks 5.2. Lexical statistics and word (frequency) lists 5.3. Word lists in psycholinguistics: the discovery of the (word) frequency effect 5.4. Word frequency distributions and the beginning of quantitative linguistics 5.5. Summary and outlook 6. Measuring exposure: frequency as s linguistic game-changer 6.1 Frequency and usage-based theories of language 6.2. Frequency measures that have played an important role in the development of usage-based theories of language 6.3. Summary and outlook 7. More than frequencies: towards a probabilistic view on language 7.1. Constructing a grammar from the ground up 7.2. probabilistic grammar 7.3. Probabilities link linguistics to information theory 7.4. Summary and outlook Part II: 8. Committing experiences to memory 8.1. What is memory? 8.2. The physiology or neurobiology of memory 8.3. Memory systems, memory processes and neural mechanisms of memory storage 8.4. Behavioural diagnostics of memory for language 8.5. Summary and outlook 9. Entrenching linguistic structures 9.1. Entrenchment in the mind, or in society? 9.2. Three types of entrenchment 9.3. How are repeated experiences recorded? 9.4. Frequently asked questions 9.5. Summary and outlook Part III: 10. The brain's attention-orienting mechanisms 10.1. Grasping the phenomenon: what is attention and what does it do? 10.2. Ways of deploying attention 10.3. Attention and memory: encoding and retrieving information 10.4. Summary and outlook 11. Salience: capturing attention in and through language 11.1. Capturing attention in language: linguistics versus psychology 11.2. Attention and salience 11.3. Conclusions and outlook Part IV: 12. Predicting: using past experience to guide future action 12.1. Predicting from stored memories 12.2. Memoryless prediction: Bayesian predictive coding frameworks 12.3. What does predictive processing mean for language cognition? 12.4. Conclusions and outlook 13. Learning: navigating frequency, recency, context and contingency 13.1. Background: learning theory 13.2 Applications to linguistics 13.3. Conclusions: the place of frequency in a learning theoretic approach to language 14. Conclusions 14.1. Why do frequencies of occurrence play an important role in usage-based linguistics? 14.2 How can frequency be used to explain the construction of a grammar from the ground up? 14.3. Memory, attention and learning in the emergence of grammar 14.4. Looking forward: what lessons can we learn? 14.5. By way of conclusion.
Introduction: 1. Frequency of experience 2. A cognitive perspective on language 3. What this book is not about 4. What this book is about Part I: 5. Counting occurrences: how frequency made its way into the study of language 5.1. The frequency wars: the role of frequency in nativist and nurturist frameworks 5.2. Lexical statistics and word (frequency) lists 5.3. Word lists in psycholinguistics: the discovery of the (word) frequency effect 5.4. Word frequency distributions and the beginning of quantitative linguistics 5.5. Summary and outlook 6. Measuring exposure: frequency as s linguistic game-changer 6.1 Frequency and usage-based theories of language 6.2. Frequency measures that have played an important role in the development of usage-based theories of language 6.3. Summary and outlook 7. More than frequencies: towards a probabilistic view on language 7.1. Constructing a grammar from the ground up 7.2. probabilistic grammar 7.3. Probabilities link linguistics to information theory 7.4. Summary and outlook Part II: 8. Committing experiences to memory 8.1. What is memory? 8.2. The physiology or neurobiology of memory 8.3. Memory systems, memory processes and neural mechanisms of memory storage 8.4. Behavioural diagnostics of memory for language 8.5. Summary and outlook 9. Entrenching linguistic structures 9.1. Entrenchment in the mind, or in society? 9.2. Three types of entrenchment 9.3. How are repeated experiences recorded? 9.4. Frequently asked questions 9.5. Summary and outlook Part III: 10. The brain's attention-orienting mechanisms 10.1. Grasping the phenomenon: what is attention and what does it do? 10.2. Ways of deploying attention 10.3. Attention and memory: encoding and retrieving information 10.4. Summary and outlook 11. Salience: capturing attention in and through language 11.1. Capturing attention in language: linguistics versus psychology 11.2. Attention and salience 11.3. Conclusions and outlook Part IV: 12. Predicting: using past experience to guide future action 12.1. Predicting from stored memories 12.2. Memoryless prediction: Bayesian predictive coding frameworks 12.3. What does predictive processing mean for language cognition? 12.4. Conclusions and outlook 13. Learning: navigating frequency, recency, context and contingency 13.1. Background: learning theory 13.2 Applications to linguistics 13.3. Conclusions: the place of frequency in a learning theoretic approach to language 14. Conclusions 14.1. Why do frequencies of occurrence play an important role in usage-based linguistics? 14.2 How can frequency be used to explain the construction of a grammar from the ground up? 14.3. Memory, attention and learning in the emergence of grammar 14.4. Looking forward: what lessons can we learn? 14.5. By way of conclusion.
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