This text seeks to show the reader that the view of geopolitics has changed substantially with the paradigm shift from the cold war to globalization. The need to coexist in a fragile space, with varied needs, forces the State to look at its own potentialities and exploit them for the benefit of its population, before venturing to satisfy those needs of life, of power, of position, in the neighboring territory. I want to share with you many hours of study, a rich academic discussion with supporters and detractors and a vision of the problem according to the parameters imposed by the XXI century.