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Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical technique based on Newton's law of mechanics, initially designed to study the flow of granular materials (Cundall and Strack, 1979). The interaction between these materials and predefined environment are simulated using contact models which calculates the forces and associated energy loss (Cundall and Strack, 1979). As DEM has been refined, it has demonstrated the capability to study dynamic scenarios such as; earthquake, rock fracture and comminution (Mora et al., 1993; Potyondy et al., 1996; Morrison et al., 2007). These scenarios necessitated…mehr

Produktbeschreibung
Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical technique based on Newton's law of mechanics, initially designed to study the flow of granular materials (Cundall and Strack, 1979). The interaction between these materials and predefined environment are simulated using contact models which calculates the forces and associated energy loss (Cundall and Strack, 1979). As DEM has been refined, it has demonstrated the capability to study dynamic scenarios such as; earthquake, rock fracture and comminution (Mora et al., 1993; Potyondy et al., 1996; Morrison et al., 2007). These scenarios necessitated constructing numerical rock specimens of desired shape and size and the implementation of breakage models within DEM. A number of breakage models with variation in mathematical formulations and their mode of implementation have been utilised in comminution studies. The most prominent are the Discrete Grain Breakage (DGB) method (Potapov and Campbell, 1994), Particle Replacement Method (PRM) (Cleary, 2001) and the Bonded Particle Model (BPM) (Potyondy and Cundall, 2004). The DGB and PRM models are semi-empirical; replacing individual discrete rocks with a population of smaller rocks in accordance with a prescribed appearance function. In BPM, a rock specimen is represented by connecting/contacting discrete entities. The BPM aims to simulate rock breakage with fragmented sizes and shapes determined dynamically i.e., shapes and size distributions of fragments arise naturally.
Autorenporträt
Dr. Salina is a passionate environmental scientist and advocate dedicated to unraveling the complexities of nature's value and promoting sustainable stewardship of our planet. With a Ph.D. in Ecology from a prestigious institution, she has spent over two decades immersed in the study of biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, and conservation biology. Throughout her career, Dr. has contributed extensively to scientific research, publishing numerous peer-reviewed articles and presenting her findings at international conferences. Her work spans diverse ecosystems, from tropical rainforests to coastal marine environments, allowing her to develop a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationships between species and their habitats. Beyond academia, Dr. is a fervent advocate for environmental conservation and sustainability. She actively engages with communities, policymakers, and industry leaders to raise awareness about the importance of preserving biodiversity and protecting natural resources for future generations. Her efforts have led to the implementation of impactful conservation initiatives and the development of sustainable practices in various sectors. As an educator, Dr. is committed to nurturing the next generation of environmental leaders. She teaches courses on ecology, conservation biology, and environmental ethics, inspiring students to explore the interconnectedness of life on Earth and empowering them to become advocates for positive change. Dr. expertise extends beyond the classroom, as she frequently collaborates with non-profit organizations, government agencies, and research institutions on interdisciplinary projects aimed at addressing pressing environmental challenges. Her interdisciplinary approach and holistic perspective have earned her recognition and respect within the scientific community and beyond. Driven by her unwavering dedication to protecting our planet's precious ecosystems, Dr. Salina Richards continues to push the boundaries of knowledge and activism, leaving a lasting legacy of environmental stewardship and sustainability.