The one-stage, full-mouth disinfection concept results in significant additional clinical and microbiological improvements with nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The new concept has no disadvantages and / or risks for the patient. The clinician and the patient therefore can only gain via a better outcome of the mechanical debridement, reduced need for surgery, and more efficient treatment and time management, with less travelling or absence from work for the patient. A scientific explanation for the success of this concept has not yet been obtained. Reduction in the probability of bacterial cross-contamination, optimal combination / application of antiseptics and / or the Schwartzman reaction may be contributing factors. More research is needed to explore in greater detail the potential of the one stage, full-mouth disinfection, and to improve its applicability and benefits.