Carl David Ipsen

Fumo

Italy's Love Affair with the Cigarette

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Carl Ipsen is Professor of History at Indiana University. He is the author of Italy in the Age of Pinocchio: Children and Danger in the Liberal Era (2006) and Dictating Demography: The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy (1996).

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Stanford University Press
• Seitenzahl: 300
• Erscheinungstermin: 4. Mai 2016
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 231mm x 152mm x 20mm
• Gewicht: 458g
• ISBN-13: 9780804795463
• ISBN-10: 0804795460
• Artikelnr.: 44382743

Autorenporträt

Carl Ipsen is Professor of History at Indiana University. He is the author of Italy in the Age of Pinocchio: Children and Danger in the Liberal Era (2006) and Dictating Demography: The Problem of Population in Fascist Italy (1996).

Inhaltsangabe

Contents and Abstracts
Introduction: First Puff
chapter abstract
The introduction reviews briefly the history of tobacco in the West and
engages with the historiography on tobacco generally and in various
national settings, most notably the US and UK. It addresses the
psychological, economic, social and cultural roles played by tobacco in
history and introduces some of the main areas to be covered in the book:
smoking and gender, smoking and poverty/wealth, smoking in literature and
film. It traces a trajectory of smoking common to multiple national
contexts from an elite male activity to a mass behavior that crosses the
gender divide to an activity eventually rejected by the elite but
maintaining its hold on lower-income segments and continuing to exercise a
fascination for youth.
1Toscano: Smoking in Italy before World War I
chapter abstract
Chapter 1 traces the establishment of the Italian Monopolio dello Stato
that produced, distributed and sold tobacco products in Italy following
Italian unification (1870) and through to the first World War. It devotes a
section to Italy's best known literary smoker, namely Zeno Cosini in Italo
Svevo's novel The Conscience of Zeno and traces changing tastes as Italians
began to switch from cigars to cigarettes. It includes consideration of
health claims made regarding smoking in the period and also the significant
role that cigarette smoking played in the life of the soldiers of the Great
War. Finally it reviews the presence and meaning of depictions of smoking
in the popular press, other authors (D'Annunzio, Pirandello, Serao et al.)
and in silent cinema.
2Macedonia: Smoking between the Wars
chapter abstract
Chapter 2 explores Fascist management of the Italian tobacco industry
including the introduction of new brands and tobacco production in the
colonies. Fascist attitudes about smoking are compared with those of Hitler
and Germany. The chapter looks at how smoking in interwar cinema and
literature serves multiple purposes: signaling romantic passion, moderating
moments of tensions, and marking class and gender roles. Film directors
discussed include Mario Camerini and Alessandro Blasetti while significant
literary figures include Alberto Moravia and Liala.
3Eva: Women and Smoking before World War II
chapter abstract
This chapter examines attitudes about women smoking from the 1860s to 1940s
as revealed in depictions of female smokers in the fine arts, in magazines,
and in etiquette manuals and other publications that discuss female
behavior. The Fascist period saw particular concern expressed about
so-called "crisis women" who were inevitably smokers. Fascist-era cinema
reveals indeed an association of smoking and loose women, but also at times
depicts smoking as modern and empowering.
4Nazionali: Smoking and Poverty in Postwar Italy
chapter abstract
This chapter tracks increased cigarette production and consumption after
the war in the context of Christian Democratic administrations and rapid
economic growth. Smoking figures in important anthropological work on
Naples from the period, while cinematic and literary examples of the link
between poverty/wealth and smoking are taken from Pasolini, Germi, Fellini
and others.
5Camel: Women, Sex, and Americane in the Postwar Decades
chapter abstract
This chapter opens with consideration of the way that (self-reported) male
and female smoking prevalence changed over time. It looks at the postwar
Italian fascination with all things American, including cigarettes. Female
smoking increased dramatically in the postwar decades, and the chapter
looks at that development and the relevant changing attitudes expressed by
the smokers themselves, other observers, and in contemporary films. It
concludes with a section on smoking and sex in postwar Italian literature
and film (including for example, Visconti's Ossessione and Bassani's The
Garden of the Finzi-Contini ).
6Me ne frego: Smoking and Risk
chapter abstract
This chapter traces the debate in Italy over the health risks of smoking
from the 1950s to the 1970s. In particular it looks at the introduction of
filtered cigarettes as a strategy to reduce the alarm about smoking and
lung cancer and discusses the introduction of laws banning tobacco
advertising and imposing some restrictions on where smoking was permitted.
It concludes with a discussion of Italian attitudes about risk in this
period and the role they might have played in the tendency to ignore the
health risks of smoking.
7MS: Men, Women, and Smoking in the Era of Collective Action
chapter abstract
This chapter reviews the 1970s smoking landscape in Italy and in particular
the increase in female smoking. It explores the intersection between
smoking and important political/social movements of the era, namely the New
Left and feminism. Finally it looks at the international literature on
female smoking and considers what motivated so many women to take up the
habit.
8Marlboro Light: the Antismoking Era in Italy
chapter abstract
The main focus of this chapter is the growing antismoking movement in Italy
that included a plethora of local regulations and eventually a national ban
on smoking in public places (in 2005). It also looks at the misinformation
campaigns of the tobacco industry and the marketing of low tar and nicotine
cigarettes. It concludes with a look at youth and smoking (and again
industry maneuvering to maintain market share among this crucial
demographic).
9Pall Mall: Contraband and Privatization
chapter abstract
The first half of this chapter traces the history of cigarette smuggling in
Italy and the efforts of the authorities to combat that trade. The second
half explores the process leading to the sale and privatization of the
Italian State Tobacco Monopoly (completed in 2004). It also looks at
tobacco litigation in Italy.