Jonathan Rodriguez
Fundamentals of 5g Mobile Networks
Jonathan Rodriguez
Fundamentals of 5g Mobile Networks
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Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks provides an overview of the key features of the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks, discussing the motivation for 5G and the main challenges in developing this new technology. This book provides an insight into the key areas of research that will define this new system technology paving the path towards future research and development. The book is multi-disciplinary in nature, and aims to cover a whole host of intertwined subjects that will predominantly influence the 5G landscape, including the future Internet, cloud computing, small cells and…mehr
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Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks provides an overview of the key features of the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks, discussing the motivation for 5G and the main challenges in developing this new technology. This book provides an insight into the key areas of research that will define this new system technology paving the path towards future research and development. The book is multi-disciplinary in nature, and aims to cover a whole host of intertwined subjects that will predominantly influence the 5G landscape, including the future Internet, cloud computing, small cells and self-organizing networks (SONs), cooperative communications, dynamic spectrum management and cognitive radio, Broadcast-Broadband convergence , 5G security challenge, and green RF. This book aims to be the first of its kind towards painting a holistic perspective on 5G Mobile, allowing 5G stakeholders to capture key technology trends on different layering domains and to identify potential inter-disciplinary design aspects that need to be solved in order to deliver a 5G Mobile system that operates seamlessly.
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Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 336
- Erscheinungstermin: 22. Juni 2015
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 250mm x 175mm x 23mm
- Gewicht: 746g
- ISBN-13: 9781118867525
- ISBN-10: 1118867521
- Artikelnr.: 41749193
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 336
- Erscheinungstermin: 22. Juni 2015
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 250mm x 175mm x 23mm
- Gewicht: 746g
- ISBN-13: 9781118867525
- ISBN-10: 1118867521
- Artikelnr.: 41749193
Edited by Jonathan Rodriguez Senior Research Fellow, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal
Contributor Biographies xiii Preface xxix Acknowledgements xxxi
Introduction xxxiii 1 Drivers for 5G: The 'Pervasive Connected World' 1 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Trend of Wireless Communications 2 1.3
Evolution of LTE Technology to Beyond 4G 4 1.4 5G Roadmap 5 1.5 10 Pillars
of 5G 6 1.5.1 Evolution of Existing RATs 6 1.5.2 Hyperdense Small?]Cell
Deployment 7 1.5.3 Self?]Organising Network 8 1.5.4 Machine Type
Communication 8 1.5.5 Developing Millimetre?]Wave RATs 8 1.5.6 Redesigning
Backhaul Links 9 1.5.7 Energy Efficiency 9 1.5.8 Allocation of New Spectrum
for 5G 10 1.5.9 Spectrum Sharing 10 1.5.10 RAN Virtualisation 10 1.6 5G in
Europe 11 1.6.1 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 11 1.6.2 5G Infrastructure
PPP 12 1.6.3 METIS Project 13 1.6.4 5G Innovation Centre 14 1.6.5 Visions
of Companies 14 1.7 5G in North America 15 1.7.1 Academy Research 15 1.7.2
Company R&D 15 1.8 5G in Asia 16 1.8.1 5G in China 16 1.8.2 5G in South
Korea 19 1.8.3 5G in Japan 21 1.9 5G Architecture 23 1.10 Conclusion 24
Acknowledgements 25 References 25 2 The 5G Internet 29 2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Internet of Things and Context?]Awareness 32 2.2.1 Internet of Things
33 2.2.2 Context?]Awareness 34 2.3 Networking Reconfiguration and
Virtualisation Support 35 2.3.1 Software Defined Networking 36 2.3.2
Network Function Virtualisation 38 2.4 Mobility 40 2.4.1 An Evolutionary
Approach from the Current Internet 40 2.4.2 A Clean?]Slate Approach 45 2.5
Quality of Service Control 47 2.5.1 Network Resource Provisioning 47 2.5.2
Aggregate Resource Provisioning 49 2.6 Emerging Approach for Resource
Over?]Provisioning 50 2.6.1 Control Information Repository 53 2.6.2 Service
Admission Control Policies 53 2.6.3 Network Resource Provisioning 53 2.6.4
Control Enforcement Functions 54 2.6.5 Network Configurations 54 2.6.6
Network Operations 55 2.7 Summary 57 Acknowledgements 57 References 58 3
Small Cells for 5G Mobile Networks 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 What are
Small Cells? 64 3.2.1 WiFi and Femtocells as Candidate Small?]Cell
Technologies 66 3.2.2 WiFi and Femto Performance - Indoors vs Outdoors 70
3.3 Capacity Limits and Achievable Gains with Densification 73 3.3.1 Gains
with Multi?]Antenna Techniques 73 3.3.2 Gains with Small Cells 76 3.4
Mobile Data Demand 81 3.4.1 Approach and Methodology 81 3.5 Demand vs
Capacity 81 3.6 Small?]Cell Challenges 93 3.7 Conclusions and Future
Directions 97 References 99 4 Cooperation for Next Generation Wireless
Networks 105 4.1 Introduction 105 4.2 Cooperative Diversity and Relaying
Strategies 107 4.2.1 Cooperation and Network Coding 107 4.2.2 Cooperative
ARQ MAC Protocols 108 4.3 PHY Layer Impact on MAC Protocol Analysis 110
4.3.1 Impact of Fast Fading and Shadowing on Packet Reception for QoS
Guarantee 111 4.3.2 Impact of Shadowing Spatial Correlation 112 4.4 Case
Study: NCCARQ 113 4.4.1 NCCARQ Overview 113 4.4.2 PHY Layer Impact 114 4.5
Performance Evaluation 116 4.5.1 Simulation Scenario 116 4.5.2 Simulation
Results 117 4.6 Conclusion 122 Acknowledgements 122 References 122 5 Mobile
Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms 125 5.1
Introduction 125 5.2 The Mobile Cloud 127 5.2.1 User Resources 129 5.2.2
Software Resources 130 5.2.3 Hardware Resources 131 5.2.4 Networking
Resources 132 5.3 Mobile Cloud Enablers 133 5.3.1 The Mobile User Domain
133 5.3.2 Wireless Technologies 135 5.3.3 Software and Middleware 139 5.4
Network Coding 140 5.5 Summary 145 References 145 6 Cognitive Radio for 5G
Wireless Networks 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 Overview of Cognitive Radio
Technology in 5G Wireless 150 6.3 Spectrum Optimisation using Cognitive
Radio 152 6.4 Relevant Spectrum Optimisation Literature in 5G 152 6.4.1
Dynamic Spectrum Access 152 6.4.2 Spectrum Regulatory Policy 153 6.4.3
Marketing Policy and Model 154 6.5 Cognitive Radio and Carrier Aggregation
154 6.6 Energy?]Efficient Cognitive Radio Technology 155 6.7 Key
Requirements and Challenges for 5G Cognitive Terminals 156 6.7.1 5G Devices
as Cognitive Radio Terminals 157 6.7.2 5G Cognitive Terminal Challenges 159
6.8 Summary 162 References 162 7 The Wireless Spectrum Crunch: White Spaces
for 5G? 165 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Background 168 7.2.1 Early Spectrum
Management 168 7.2.2 History of TV White Spaces 169 7.2.3 History of Radar
White Spaces 171 7.3 TV White Space Technology 171 7.3.1 Standards 172
7.3.2 Approaches to White Space 173 7.4 White Space Spectrum Opportunities
and Challenges 175 7.5 TV White Space Applications 178 7.5.1 Fixed Wireless
Networking 180 7.5.2 Public Safety Applications 181 7.5.3 Mobile Broadband
182 7.6 International Efforts 185 7.7 Role of WS in 5G 186 7.8 Conclusion
186 References 187 8 Towards a Unified 5G Broadcast?]Broadband Architecture
191 8.1 Introduction 191 8.2 Background 192 8.3 Challenges to Be Addressed
195 8.3.1 The Spectrum Dimension 195 8.3.2 The Risk of Fragmentation of the
Terminal Market 196 8.3.3 The Change in TV Consumer Patterns and the Need
for a Flexible Approach 197 8.3.4 Business?]Related Hurdles 198 8.3.5
Societal Requirement: TV Broadcasting as a Public Service Media in Europe
198 8.4 Candidate Network Architectures for a BC?]BB Convergent Solution
199 8.4.1 Solution 1: Cellular Broadcasting in the TV Spectrum 200 8.4.2
Solution 2: Hybrid Network Approach - Using DVB?]T2 FEFs for LTE
Transmission 201 8.4.3 Solution 3: Next Generation Common Broadcasting
System 201 8.5 The BC?]BB Study: What Needs to Be Done 204 8.5.1 TV and
Video Future Consumption Models in Europe 204 8.5.2 BC?]BB Architecture
Options 204 8.5.3 Large?]Scale Simulation and Assessment of BC?]BB
Convergent Options 204 8.5.4 Feasibility Study 205 8.6 Conclusion 205
References 206 9 Security for 5G Communications 207 9.1 Introduction 207
9.2 Overview of a Potential 5G Communications System Architecture 208 9.3
Security Issues and Challenges in 5G Communications Systems 209 9.3.1 User
Equipment 210 9.3.2 Access Networks 212 9.3.3 Mobile Operator's Core
Network 216 9.3.4 External IP Networks 217 9.4 Summary 218 References 219
10 SON Evolution for 5G Mobile Networks 221 10.1 Introduction 221 10.2 SON
in UMTS and LTE 222 10.3 The Need for SON in 5G 231 10.4 Evolution towards
Small?]Cell Dominant HetNets 236 10.4.1 Towards a New SON Architecture for
5G 237 10.5 Conclusion 239 References 240 11 Green Flexible RF for 5G 241
11.1 Introduction 241 11.2 Radio System Design 242 11.2.1 Antenna Design
for 5G 242 11.2.2 Passive Front?]End Design Using SIW for 5G Application
254 11.2.3 RF Power Amplifiers 257 11.3 Nonlinear Crosstalk in MIMO Systems
264 11.4 Summary 269 Acknowledgements 269 References 270 12 Conclusion and
Future Outlook 273 12.1 Design Drivers for Next?]Generation Networks 273
12.2 5G: A Green Inter?]networking Experience 274 12.2.1 Emerging
Approaches to Allow Drastic Reduction in the Signalling Overhead 278 12.3 A
Vision for 5G Mobile 278 12.3.1 Mobile Small Cells the Way Forward? 279
12.4 Final Remarks 282 References 282 Index 285
Introduction xxxiii 1 Drivers for 5G: The 'Pervasive Connected World' 1 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Trend of Wireless Communications 2 1.3
Evolution of LTE Technology to Beyond 4G 4 1.4 5G Roadmap 5 1.5 10 Pillars
of 5G 6 1.5.1 Evolution of Existing RATs 6 1.5.2 Hyperdense Small?]Cell
Deployment 7 1.5.3 Self?]Organising Network 8 1.5.4 Machine Type
Communication 8 1.5.5 Developing Millimetre?]Wave RATs 8 1.5.6 Redesigning
Backhaul Links 9 1.5.7 Energy Efficiency 9 1.5.8 Allocation of New Spectrum
for 5G 10 1.5.9 Spectrum Sharing 10 1.5.10 RAN Virtualisation 10 1.6 5G in
Europe 11 1.6.1 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 11 1.6.2 5G Infrastructure
PPP 12 1.6.3 METIS Project 13 1.6.4 5G Innovation Centre 14 1.6.5 Visions
of Companies 14 1.7 5G in North America 15 1.7.1 Academy Research 15 1.7.2
Company R&D 15 1.8 5G in Asia 16 1.8.1 5G in China 16 1.8.2 5G in South
Korea 19 1.8.3 5G in Japan 21 1.9 5G Architecture 23 1.10 Conclusion 24
Acknowledgements 25 References 25 2 The 5G Internet 29 2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Internet of Things and Context?]Awareness 32 2.2.1 Internet of Things
33 2.2.2 Context?]Awareness 34 2.3 Networking Reconfiguration and
Virtualisation Support 35 2.3.1 Software Defined Networking 36 2.3.2
Network Function Virtualisation 38 2.4 Mobility 40 2.4.1 An Evolutionary
Approach from the Current Internet 40 2.4.2 A Clean?]Slate Approach 45 2.5
Quality of Service Control 47 2.5.1 Network Resource Provisioning 47 2.5.2
Aggregate Resource Provisioning 49 2.6 Emerging Approach for Resource
Over?]Provisioning 50 2.6.1 Control Information Repository 53 2.6.2 Service
Admission Control Policies 53 2.6.3 Network Resource Provisioning 53 2.6.4
Control Enforcement Functions 54 2.6.5 Network Configurations 54 2.6.6
Network Operations 55 2.7 Summary 57 Acknowledgements 57 References 58 3
Small Cells for 5G Mobile Networks 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 What are
Small Cells? 64 3.2.1 WiFi and Femtocells as Candidate Small?]Cell
Technologies 66 3.2.2 WiFi and Femto Performance - Indoors vs Outdoors 70
3.3 Capacity Limits and Achievable Gains with Densification 73 3.3.1 Gains
with Multi?]Antenna Techniques 73 3.3.2 Gains with Small Cells 76 3.4
Mobile Data Demand 81 3.4.1 Approach and Methodology 81 3.5 Demand vs
Capacity 81 3.6 Small?]Cell Challenges 93 3.7 Conclusions and Future
Directions 97 References 99 4 Cooperation for Next Generation Wireless
Networks 105 4.1 Introduction 105 4.2 Cooperative Diversity and Relaying
Strategies 107 4.2.1 Cooperation and Network Coding 107 4.2.2 Cooperative
ARQ MAC Protocols 108 4.3 PHY Layer Impact on MAC Protocol Analysis 110
4.3.1 Impact of Fast Fading and Shadowing on Packet Reception for QoS
Guarantee 111 4.3.2 Impact of Shadowing Spatial Correlation 112 4.4 Case
Study: NCCARQ 113 4.4.1 NCCARQ Overview 113 4.4.2 PHY Layer Impact 114 4.5
Performance Evaluation 116 4.5.1 Simulation Scenario 116 4.5.2 Simulation
Results 117 4.6 Conclusion 122 Acknowledgements 122 References 122 5 Mobile
Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms 125 5.1
Introduction 125 5.2 The Mobile Cloud 127 5.2.1 User Resources 129 5.2.2
Software Resources 130 5.2.3 Hardware Resources 131 5.2.4 Networking
Resources 132 5.3 Mobile Cloud Enablers 133 5.3.1 The Mobile User Domain
133 5.3.2 Wireless Technologies 135 5.3.3 Software and Middleware 139 5.4
Network Coding 140 5.5 Summary 145 References 145 6 Cognitive Radio for 5G
Wireless Networks 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 Overview of Cognitive Radio
Technology in 5G Wireless 150 6.3 Spectrum Optimisation using Cognitive
Radio 152 6.4 Relevant Spectrum Optimisation Literature in 5G 152 6.4.1
Dynamic Spectrum Access 152 6.4.2 Spectrum Regulatory Policy 153 6.4.3
Marketing Policy and Model 154 6.5 Cognitive Radio and Carrier Aggregation
154 6.6 Energy?]Efficient Cognitive Radio Technology 155 6.7 Key
Requirements and Challenges for 5G Cognitive Terminals 156 6.7.1 5G Devices
as Cognitive Radio Terminals 157 6.7.2 5G Cognitive Terminal Challenges 159
6.8 Summary 162 References 162 7 The Wireless Spectrum Crunch: White Spaces
for 5G? 165 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Background 168 7.2.1 Early Spectrum
Management 168 7.2.2 History of TV White Spaces 169 7.2.3 History of Radar
White Spaces 171 7.3 TV White Space Technology 171 7.3.1 Standards 172
7.3.2 Approaches to White Space 173 7.4 White Space Spectrum Opportunities
and Challenges 175 7.5 TV White Space Applications 178 7.5.1 Fixed Wireless
Networking 180 7.5.2 Public Safety Applications 181 7.5.3 Mobile Broadband
182 7.6 International Efforts 185 7.7 Role of WS in 5G 186 7.8 Conclusion
186 References 187 8 Towards a Unified 5G Broadcast?]Broadband Architecture
191 8.1 Introduction 191 8.2 Background 192 8.3 Challenges to Be Addressed
195 8.3.1 The Spectrum Dimension 195 8.3.2 The Risk of Fragmentation of the
Terminal Market 196 8.3.3 The Change in TV Consumer Patterns and the Need
for a Flexible Approach 197 8.3.4 Business?]Related Hurdles 198 8.3.5
Societal Requirement: TV Broadcasting as a Public Service Media in Europe
198 8.4 Candidate Network Architectures for a BC?]BB Convergent Solution
199 8.4.1 Solution 1: Cellular Broadcasting in the TV Spectrum 200 8.4.2
Solution 2: Hybrid Network Approach - Using DVB?]T2 FEFs for LTE
Transmission 201 8.4.3 Solution 3: Next Generation Common Broadcasting
System 201 8.5 The BC?]BB Study: What Needs to Be Done 204 8.5.1 TV and
Video Future Consumption Models in Europe 204 8.5.2 BC?]BB Architecture
Options 204 8.5.3 Large?]Scale Simulation and Assessment of BC?]BB
Convergent Options 204 8.5.4 Feasibility Study 205 8.6 Conclusion 205
References 206 9 Security for 5G Communications 207 9.1 Introduction 207
9.2 Overview of a Potential 5G Communications System Architecture 208 9.3
Security Issues and Challenges in 5G Communications Systems 209 9.3.1 User
Equipment 210 9.3.2 Access Networks 212 9.3.3 Mobile Operator's Core
Network 216 9.3.4 External IP Networks 217 9.4 Summary 218 References 219
10 SON Evolution for 5G Mobile Networks 221 10.1 Introduction 221 10.2 SON
in UMTS and LTE 222 10.3 The Need for SON in 5G 231 10.4 Evolution towards
Small?]Cell Dominant HetNets 236 10.4.1 Towards a New SON Architecture for
5G 237 10.5 Conclusion 239 References 240 11 Green Flexible RF for 5G 241
11.1 Introduction 241 11.2 Radio System Design 242 11.2.1 Antenna Design
for 5G 242 11.2.2 Passive Front?]End Design Using SIW for 5G Application
254 11.2.3 RF Power Amplifiers 257 11.3 Nonlinear Crosstalk in MIMO Systems
264 11.4 Summary 269 Acknowledgements 269 References 270 12 Conclusion and
Future Outlook 273 12.1 Design Drivers for Next?]Generation Networks 273
12.2 5G: A Green Inter?]networking Experience 274 12.2.1 Emerging
Approaches to Allow Drastic Reduction in the Signalling Overhead 278 12.3 A
Vision for 5G Mobile 278 12.3.1 Mobile Small Cells the Way Forward? 279
12.4 Final Remarks 282 References 282 Index 285
Contributor Biographies xiii Preface xxix Acknowledgements xxxi
Introduction xxxiii 1 Drivers for 5G: The 'Pervasive Connected World' 1 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Trend of Wireless Communications 2 1.3
Evolution of LTE Technology to Beyond 4G 4 1.4 5G Roadmap 5 1.5 10 Pillars
of 5G 6 1.5.1 Evolution of Existing RATs 6 1.5.2 Hyperdense Small?]Cell
Deployment 7 1.5.3 Self?]Organising Network 8 1.5.4 Machine Type
Communication 8 1.5.5 Developing Millimetre?]Wave RATs 8 1.5.6 Redesigning
Backhaul Links 9 1.5.7 Energy Efficiency 9 1.5.8 Allocation of New Spectrum
for 5G 10 1.5.9 Spectrum Sharing 10 1.5.10 RAN Virtualisation 10 1.6 5G in
Europe 11 1.6.1 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 11 1.6.2 5G Infrastructure
PPP 12 1.6.3 METIS Project 13 1.6.4 5G Innovation Centre 14 1.6.5 Visions
of Companies 14 1.7 5G in North America 15 1.7.1 Academy Research 15 1.7.2
Company R&D 15 1.8 5G in Asia 16 1.8.1 5G in China 16 1.8.2 5G in South
Korea 19 1.8.3 5G in Japan 21 1.9 5G Architecture 23 1.10 Conclusion 24
Acknowledgements 25 References 25 2 The 5G Internet 29 2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Internet of Things and Context?]Awareness 32 2.2.1 Internet of Things
33 2.2.2 Context?]Awareness 34 2.3 Networking Reconfiguration and
Virtualisation Support 35 2.3.1 Software Defined Networking 36 2.3.2
Network Function Virtualisation 38 2.4 Mobility 40 2.4.1 An Evolutionary
Approach from the Current Internet 40 2.4.2 A Clean?]Slate Approach 45 2.5
Quality of Service Control 47 2.5.1 Network Resource Provisioning 47 2.5.2
Aggregate Resource Provisioning 49 2.6 Emerging Approach for Resource
Over?]Provisioning 50 2.6.1 Control Information Repository 53 2.6.2 Service
Admission Control Policies 53 2.6.3 Network Resource Provisioning 53 2.6.4
Control Enforcement Functions 54 2.6.5 Network Configurations 54 2.6.6
Network Operations 55 2.7 Summary 57 Acknowledgements 57 References 58 3
Small Cells for 5G Mobile Networks 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 What are
Small Cells? 64 3.2.1 WiFi and Femtocells as Candidate Small?]Cell
Technologies 66 3.2.2 WiFi and Femto Performance - Indoors vs Outdoors 70
3.3 Capacity Limits and Achievable Gains with Densification 73 3.3.1 Gains
with Multi?]Antenna Techniques 73 3.3.2 Gains with Small Cells 76 3.4
Mobile Data Demand 81 3.4.1 Approach and Methodology 81 3.5 Demand vs
Capacity 81 3.6 Small?]Cell Challenges 93 3.7 Conclusions and Future
Directions 97 References 99 4 Cooperation for Next Generation Wireless
Networks 105 4.1 Introduction 105 4.2 Cooperative Diversity and Relaying
Strategies 107 4.2.1 Cooperation and Network Coding 107 4.2.2 Cooperative
ARQ MAC Protocols 108 4.3 PHY Layer Impact on MAC Protocol Analysis 110
4.3.1 Impact of Fast Fading and Shadowing on Packet Reception for QoS
Guarantee 111 4.3.2 Impact of Shadowing Spatial Correlation 112 4.4 Case
Study: NCCARQ 113 4.4.1 NCCARQ Overview 113 4.4.2 PHY Layer Impact 114 4.5
Performance Evaluation 116 4.5.1 Simulation Scenario 116 4.5.2 Simulation
Results 117 4.6 Conclusion 122 Acknowledgements 122 References 122 5 Mobile
Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms 125 5.1
Introduction 125 5.2 The Mobile Cloud 127 5.2.1 User Resources 129 5.2.2
Software Resources 130 5.2.3 Hardware Resources 131 5.2.4 Networking
Resources 132 5.3 Mobile Cloud Enablers 133 5.3.1 The Mobile User Domain
133 5.3.2 Wireless Technologies 135 5.3.3 Software and Middleware 139 5.4
Network Coding 140 5.5 Summary 145 References 145 6 Cognitive Radio for 5G
Wireless Networks 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 Overview of Cognitive Radio
Technology in 5G Wireless 150 6.3 Spectrum Optimisation using Cognitive
Radio 152 6.4 Relevant Spectrum Optimisation Literature in 5G 152 6.4.1
Dynamic Spectrum Access 152 6.4.2 Spectrum Regulatory Policy 153 6.4.3
Marketing Policy and Model 154 6.5 Cognitive Radio and Carrier Aggregation
154 6.6 Energy?]Efficient Cognitive Radio Technology 155 6.7 Key
Requirements and Challenges for 5G Cognitive Terminals 156 6.7.1 5G Devices
as Cognitive Radio Terminals 157 6.7.2 5G Cognitive Terminal Challenges 159
6.8 Summary 162 References 162 7 The Wireless Spectrum Crunch: White Spaces
for 5G? 165 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Background 168 7.2.1 Early Spectrum
Management 168 7.2.2 History of TV White Spaces 169 7.2.3 History of Radar
White Spaces 171 7.3 TV White Space Technology 171 7.3.1 Standards 172
7.3.2 Approaches to White Space 173 7.4 White Space Spectrum Opportunities
and Challenges 175 7.5 TV White Space Applications 178 7.5.1 Fixed Wireless
Networking 180 7.5.2 Public Safety Applications 181 7.5.3 Mobile Broadband
182 7.6 International Efforts 185 7.7 Role of WS in 5G 186 7.8 Conclusion
186 References 187 8 Towards a Unified 5G Broadcast?]Broadband Architecture
191 8.1 Introduction 191 8.2 Background 192 8.3 Challenges to Be Addressed
195 8.3.1 The Spectrum Dimension 195 8.3.2 The Risk of Fragmentation of the
Terminal Market 196 8.3.3 The Change in TV Consumer Patterns and the Need
for a Flexible Approach 197 8.3.4 Business?]Related Hurdles 198 8.3.5
Societal Requirement: TV Broadcasting as a Public Service Media in Europe
198 8.4 Candidate Network Architectures for a BC?]BB Convergent Solution
199 8.4.1 Solution 1: Cellular Broadcasting in the TV Spectrum 200 8.4.2
Solution 2: Hybrid Network Approach - Using DVB?]T2 FEFs for LTE
Transmission 201 8.4.3 Solution 3: Next Generation Common Broadcasting
System 201 8.5 The BC?]BB Study: What Needs to Be Done 204 8.5.1 TV and
Video Future Consumption Models in Europe 204 8.5.2 BC?]BB Architecture
Options 204 8.5.3 Large?]Scale Simulation and Assessment of BC?]BB
Convergent Options 204 8.5.4 Feasibility Study 205 8.6 Conclusion 205
References 206 9 Security for 5G Communications 207 9.1 Introduction 207
9.2 Overview of a Potential 5G Communications System Architecture 208 9.3
Security Issues and Challenges in 5G Communications Systems 209 9.3.1 User
Equipment 210 9.3.2 Access Networks 212 9.3.3 Mobile Operator's Core
Network 216 9.3.4 External IP Networks 217 9.4 Summary 218 References 219
10 SON Evolution for 5G Mobile Networks 221 10.1 Introduction 221 10.2 SON
in UMTS and LTE 222 10.3 The Need for SON in 5G 231 10.4 Evolution towards
Small?]Cell Dominant HetNets 236 10.4.1 Towards a New SON Architecture for
5G 237 10.5 Conclusion 239 References 240 11 Green Flexible RF for 5G 241
11.1 Introduction 241 11.2 Radio System Design 242 11.2.1 Antenna Design
for 5G 242 11.2.2 Passive Front?]End Design Using SIW for 5G Application
254 11.2.3 RF Power Amplifiers 257 11.3 Nonlinear Crosstalk in MIMO Systems
264 11.4 Summary 269 Acknowledgements 269 References 270 12 Conclusion and
Future Outlook 273 12.1 Design Drivers for Next?]Generation Networks 273
12.2 5G: A Green Inter?]networking Experience 274 12.2.1 Emerging
Approaches to Allow Drastic Reduction in the Signalling Overhead 278 12.3 A
Vision for 5G Mobile 278 12.3.1 Mobile Small Cells the Way Forward? 279
12.4 Final Remarks 282 References 282 Index 285
Introduction xxxiii 1 Drivers for 5G: The 'Pervasive Connected World' 1 1.1
Introduction 1 1.2 Historical Trend of Wireless Communications 2 1.3
Evolution of LTE Technology to Beyond 4G 4 1.4 5G Roadmap 5 1.5 10 Pillars
of 5G 6 1.5.1 Evolution of Existing RATs 6 1.5.2 Hyperdense Small?]Cell
Deployment 7 1.5.3 Self?]Organising Network 8 1.5.4 Machine Type
Communication 8 1.5.5 Developing Millimetre?]Wave RATs 8 1.5.6 Redesigning
Backhaul Links 9 1.5.7 Energy Efficiency 9 1.5.8 Allocation of New Spectrum
for 5G 10 1.5.9 Spectrum Sharing 10 1.5.10 RAN Virtualisation 10 1.6 5G in
Europe 11 1.6.1 Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 11 1.6.2 5G Infrastructure
PPP 12 1.6.3 METIS Project 13 1.6.4 5G Innovation Centre 14 1.6.5 Visions
of Companies 14 1.7 5G in North America 15 1.7.1 Academy Research 15 1.7.2
Company R&D 15 1.8 5G in Asia 16 1.8.1 5G in China 16 1.8.2 5G in South
Korea 19 1.8.3 5G in Japan 21 1.9 5G Architecture 23 1.10 Conclusion 24
Acknowledgements 25 References 25 2 The 5G Internet 29 2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Internet of Things and Context?]Awareness 32 2.2.1 Internet of Things
33 2.2.2 Context?]Awareness 34 2.3 Networking Reconfiguration and
Virtualisation Support 35 2.3.1 Software Defined Networking 36 2.3.2
Network Function Virtualisation 38 2.4 Mobility 40 2.4.1 An Evolutionary
Approach from the Current Internet 40 2.4.2 A Clean?]Slate Approach 45 2.5
Quality of Service Control 47 2.5.1 Network Resource Provisioning 47 2.5.2
Aggregate Resource Provisioning 49 2.6 Emerging Approach for Resource
Over?]Provisioning 50 2.6.1 Control Information Repository 53 2.6.2 Service
Admission Control Policies 53 2.6.3 Network Resource Provisioning 53 2.6.4
Control Enforcement Functions 54 2.6.5 Network Configurations 54 2.6.6
Network Operations 55 2.7 Summary 57 Acknowledgements 57 References 58 3
Small Cells for 5G Mobile Networks 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 What are
Small Cells? 64 3.2.1 WiFi and Femtocells as Candidate Small?]Cell
Technologies 66 3.2.2 WiFi and Femto Performance - Indoors vs Outdoors 70
3.3 Capacity Limits and Achievable Gains with Densification 73 3.3.1 Gains
with Multi?]Antenna Techniques 73 3.3.2 Gains with Small Cells 76 3.4
Mobile Data Demand 81 3.4.1 Approach and Methodology 81 3.5 Demand vs
Capacity 81 3.6 Small?]Cell Challenges 93 3.7 Conclusions and Future
Directions 97 References 99 4 Cooperation for Next Generation Wireless
Networks 105 4.1 Introduction 105 4.2 Cooperative Diversity and Relaying
Strategies 107 4.2.1 Cooperation and Network Coding 107 4.2.2 Cooperative
ARQ MAC Protocols 108 4.3 PHY Layer Impact on MAC Protocol Analysis 110
4.3.1 Impact of Fast Fading and Shadowing on Packet Reception for QoS
Guarantee 111 4.3.2 Impact of Shadowing Spatial Correlation 112 4.4 Case
Study: NCCARQ 113 4.4.1 NCCARQ Overview 113 4.4.2 PHY Layer Impact 114 4.5
Performance Evaluation 116 4.5.1 Simulation Scenario 116 4.5.2 Simulation
Results 117 4.6 Conclusion 122 Acknowledgements 122 References 122 5 Mobile
Clouds: Technology and Services for Future Communication Platforms 125 5.1
Introduction 125 5.2 The Mobile Cloud 127 5.2.1 User Resources 129 5.2.2
Software Resources 130 5.2.3 Hardware Resources 131 5.2.4 Networking
Resources 132 5.3 Mobile Cloud Enablers 133 5.3.1 The Mobile User Domain
133 5.3.2 Wireless Technologies 135 5.3.3 Software and Middleware 139 5.4
Network Coding 140 5.5 Summary 145 References 145 6 Cognitive Radio for 5G
Wireless Networks 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 Overview of Cognitive Radio
Technology in 5G Wireless 150 6.3 Spectrum Optimisation using Cognitive
Radio 152 6.4 Relevant Spectrum Optimisation Literature in 5G 152 6.4.1
Dynamic Spectrum Access 152 6.4.2 Spectrum Regulatory Policy 153 6.4.3
Marketing Policy and Model 154 6.5 Cognitive Radio and Carrier Aggregation
154 6.6 Energy?]Efficient Cognitive Radio Technology 155 6.7 Key
Requirements and Challenges for 5G Cognitive Terminals 156 6.7.1 5G Devices
as Cognitive Radio Terminals 157 6.7.2 5G Cognitive Terminal Challenges 159
6.8 Summary 162 References 162 7 The Wireless Spectrum Crunch: White Spaces
for 5G? 165 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Background 168 7.2.1 Early Spectrum
Management 168 7.2.2 History of TV White Spaces 169 7.2.3 History of Radar
White Spaces 171 7.3 TV White Space Technology 171 7.3.1 Standards 172
7.3.2 Approaches to White Space 173 7.4 White Space Spectrum Opportunities
and Challenges 175 7.5 TV White Space Applications 178 7.5.1 Fixed Wireless
Networking 180 7.5.2 Public Safety Applications 181 7.5.3 Mobile Broadband
182 7.6 International Efforts 185 7.7 Role of WS in 5G 186 7.8 Conclusion
186 References 187 8 Towards a Unified 5G Broadcast?]Broadband Architecture
191 8.1 Introduction 191 8.2 Background 192 8.3 Challenges to Be Addressed
195 8.3.1 The Spectrum Dimension 195 8.3.2 The Risk of Fragmentation of the
Terminal Market 196 8.3.3 The Change in TV Consumer Patterns and the Need
for a Flexible Approach 197 8.3.4 Business?]Related Hurdles 198 8.3.5
Societal Requirement: TV Broadcasting as a Public Service Media in Europe
198 8.4 Candidate Network Architectures for a BC?]BB Convergent Solution
199 8.4.1 Solution 1: Cellular Broadcasting in the TV Spectrum 200 8.4.2
Solution 2: Hybrid Network Approach - Using DVB?]T2 FEFs for LTE
Transmission 201 8.4.3 Solution 3: Next Generation Common Broadcasting
System 201 8.5 The BC?]BB Study: What Needs to Be Done 204 8.5.1 TV and
Video Future Consumption Models in Europe 204 8.5.2 BC?]BB Architecture
Options 204 8.5.3 Large?]Scale Simulation and Assessment of BC?]BB
Convergent Options 204 8.5.4 Feasibility Study 205 8.6 Conclusion 205
References 206 9 Security for 5G Communications 207 9.1 Introduction 207
9.2 Overview of a Potential 5G Communications System Architecture 208 9.3
Security Issues and Challenges in 5G Communications Systems 209 9.3.1 User
Equipment 210 9.3.2 Access Networks 212 9.3.3 Mobile Operator's Core
Network 216 9.3.4 External IP Networks 217 9.4 Summary 218 References 219
10 SON Evolution for 5G Mobile Networks 221 10.1 Introduction 221 10.2 SON
in UMTS and LTE 222 10.3 The Need for SON in 5G 231 10.4 Evolution towards
Small?]Cell Dominant HetNets 236 10.4.1 Towards a New SON Architecture for
5G 237 10.5 Conclusion 239 References 240 11 Green Flexible RF for 5G 241
11.1 Introduction 241 11.2 Radio System Design 242 11.2.1 Antenna Design
for 5G 242 11.2.2 Passive Front?]End Design Using SIW for 5G Application
254 11.2.3 RF Power Amplifiers 257 11.3 Nonlinear Crosstalk in MIMO Systems
264 11.4 Summary 269 Acknowledgements 269 References 270 12 Conclusion and
Future Outlook 273 12.1 Design Drivers for Next?]Generation Networks 273
12.2 5G: A Green Inter?]networking Experience 274 12.2.1 Emerging
Approaches to Allow Drastic Reduction in the Signalling Overhead 278 12.3 A
Vision for 5G Mobile 278 12.3.1 Mobile Small Cells the Way Forward? 279
12.4 Final Remarks 282 References 282 Index 285