Fundamentals of Hybrid Electric Vehicles The availability of high-power electronics and the development of better materials for motor technology have made it possible to give a real boost to EV technology during the past decade or so, making it viable for wider applications. The authors decided to review the basics,including power electronics, electric motors, and storage elements like batteries, capacitors, flywheels.. which are the main constituent elements of EV technology. Also included is a discussion on the system level architecture of the vehicles, modeling and simulation methods of a vehicle, transmission and coupling.