James Welty, Gregory L Rorrer, David G Foster

Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Wiley
• 7th edition
• Seitenzahl: 784
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. Juni 2020
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 269mm x 198mm x 28mm
• Gewicht: 1315g
• ISBN-13: 9781119723547
• ISBN-10: 111972354X
• Artikelnr.: 68138547

Inhaltsangabe

1. Introduction to Momentum Transfer 1 1.1 Fluids and the Continuum 1 1.2 Properties at a Point 2 1.3 Point-to-Point Variation of Properties in a Fluid 5 1.4 Units 8 1.5 Compressibility 10 1.6 Surface Tension 11 2. Fluid Statics 15 2.1 Pressure Variation in a Static Fluid 15 2.2 Uniform Rectilinear Acceleration 18 2.3 Forces on Submerged Surfaces 19 2.4 Buoyancy 22 2.5 Closure 24 3. Description of a Fluid in Motion 25 3.1 Fundamental Physical Laws 25 3.2 Fluid-Flow Fields: Lagrangian and Eulerian Representations 25 3.3 Steady and Unsteady Flows 26 3.4 Streamlines 27 3.5 Systems and Control Volumes 28 4. Conservation of Mass: Control-Volume Approach 30 4.1 Integral Relation 30 4.2 Specific Forms of the Integral Expression 31 4.3 Closure 36 5. Newton's Second Law of Motion: Control-Volume Approach 37 5.1 Integral Relation for Linear Momentum 37 5.2 Applications of the Integral Expression for Linear Momentum 40 5.3 Integral Relation for Moment of Momentum 46 5.4 Applications to Pumps and Turbines 48 5.5 Closure 52 6. Conservation of Energy: Control-Volume Approach 53 6.1 Integral Relation for the Conservation of Energy 53 6.2 Applications of the Integral Expression 59 6.3 The Bernoulli Equation 62 6.4 Closure 67 7. Shear Stress in Laminar Flow 68 7.1 Newton's Viscosity Relation 68 7.2 Non-Newtonian Fluids 69 7.3 Viscosity 71 7.4 Shear Stress in Multidimensional Laminar Flows of a Newtonian Fluid 76 7.5 Closure 80 8. Analysis of a Differential Fluid Element in Laminar Flow 81 8.1 Fully Developed Laminar Flow in a Circular Conduit of Constant Cross Section 81 8.2 Laminar Flow of a Newtonian Fluid Down an Inclined-Plane Surface 84 8.3 Closure 86 9. Differential Equations of Fluid Flow 87 9.1 The Differential Continuity Equation 87 9.2 Navier-Stokes Equations 90 9.3 Bernoulli's Equation 98 9.4 Spherical Coordinate Forms of the Navier-Stokes Equations 99 9.5 Closure 101 10. Inviscid Fluid Flow 102 10.1 Fluid Rotation at a Point 102 10.2 The Stream Function 105 10.3 Inviscid, Irrotational Flow about an Infinite Cylinder 107 10.4 Irrotational Flow, the Velocity Potential 109 10.5 Total Head in Irrotational Flow 112 10.6 Utilization of Potential Flow 113 10.7 Potential Flow Analysis-Simple Plane Flow Cases 114 10.8 Potential Flow Analysis-Superposition 115 10.9 Closure 117 11. Dimensional Analysis and Similitude 118 11.1 Dimensions 118 11.2 Dimensional Analysis of Governing Differential Equations 119 11.3 The Buckingham Method 121 11.4 Geometric, Kinematic, and Dynamic Similarity 124 11.5 Model Theory 125 11.6 Closure 127 12. Viscous Flow 129 12.1 Reynolds's Experiment 129 12.2 Drag 130 12.3 The Boundary-Layer Concept 135 12.4 The Boundary-Layer Equations 136 12.5 Blasius's Solution for the Laminar Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate 138 12.6 Flow with a Pressure Gradient 142 12.7 von Kármán Momentum Integral Analysis 144 12.8 Description of Turbulence 147 12.9 Turbulent Shearing Stresses 149 12.10 The Mixing-Length Hypothesis 150 12.11 Velocity Distribution from the Mixing-Length Theory 152 12.12 The Universal Velocity Distribution 153 12.13 Further Empirical Relations for Turbulent Flow 154 12.14 The Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate 155 12.15 Factors Affecting the Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow 157 12.16 Closure 158 13. Flow in Closed Conduits 159 13.1 Dimensional Analysis of Conduit Flow 159 13.2 Friction Factors for Fully Developed Laminar, Turbulent, and Transition Flow in Circular Conduits 161 13.3 Friction Factor and Head-Loss Determination for Pipe Flow 164 13.4 Pipe-Flow Analysis 168 13.5 Friction Factors for Flow in the Entrance to a Circular Conduit 171 13.6 Closure 174 14. Fluid Machinery 175 14.1 Centrifugal Pumps 176 14.2 Scaling Laws for Pumps and Fans 184 14.3 Axial- and Mixed-Flow Pump Configurations 187 14.4 Turbines 187 14.5 Closure 188 15. Fundamentals of Heat Transfer 189 15.1 Conduction 189 15.2 Thermal Conductivity 190 15.3 Convection 195 15.4 Radiation 197 15.5 Combined Mechanisms of Heat Transfer 197 15.6 Closure 201 16. Differential Equations of Heat Transfer 203 16.1 The General Differential Equation for Energy Transfer 203 16.2 Special Forms of the Differential Energy Equation 206 16.3 Commonly Encountered Boundary Conditions 207 16.4 Closure 211 17. Steady-State Conduction 212 17.1 One-Dimensional Conduction 212 17.2 One-Dimensional Conduction with Internal Generation of Energy 218 17.3 Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces 221 17.4 Two- and Three-Dimensional Systems 228 17.5 Closure 234 18. Unsteady-State Conduction 235 18.1 Analytical Solutions 235 18.2 Temperature-Time Charts for Simple Geometric Shapes 244 18.3 Numerical Methods for Transient Conduction Analysis 246 18.4 An Integral Method for One-Dimensional Unsteady Conduction 249 18.5 Closure 253 19. Convective Heat Transfer 254 19.1 Fundamental Considerations in Convective Heat Transfer 254 19.2 Significant Parameters in Convective Heat Transfer 255 19.3 Dimensional Analysis of Convective Energy Transfer 256 19.4 Exact Analysis of the Laminar Boundary Layer 259 19.5 Approximate Integral Analysis of the Thermal Boundary Layer 263 19.6 Energy- and Momentum-Transfer Analogies 265 19.7 Turbulent Flow Considerations 267 19.8 Closure 273 20. Convective Heat-Transfer Correlations 274 20.1 Natural Convection 274 20.2 Forced Convection for Internal Flow 282 20.3 Forced Convection for External Flow 288 20.4 Closure 295 21. Boiling and Condensation 297 21.1 Boiling 297 21.2 Condensation 302 21.3 Closure 308 22. Heat-Transfer Equipment 309 22.1 Types of Heat Exchangers 309 22.2 Single-Pass Heat-Exchanger Analysis: The Log-Mean Temperature Difference 312 22.3 Crossflow and Shell-and-Tube Heat-Exchanger Analysis 316 22.4 The Number-of-Transfer-Units (NTU) Method of Heat-Exchanger Analysis and Design 320 22.5 Additional Considerations in Heat-Exchanger Design 327 22.6 Closure 329 23. Radiation Heat Transfer 330 23.1 Nature of Radiation 330 23.2 Thermal Radiation 331 23.3 The Intensity of Radiation 333 23.4 Planck's Law of Radiation 334 23.5 Stefan-Boltzmann Law 338 23.6 Emissivity and Absorptivity of Solid Surfaces 340 23.7 Radiant Heat Transfer Between Black Bodies 345 23.8 Radiant Exchange in Black Enclosures 352 23.9 Radiant Exchange with Reradiating Surfaces Present 353 23.10 Radiant Heat Transfer Between Gray Surfaces 354 23.11 Radiation from Gases 361 23.12 The Radiation Heat-Transfer Coefficient 363 23.13 Closure 366 24. Fundamentals of Mass Transfer 367 24.1 Molecular Mass Transfer 368 24.2 The Diffusion Coefficient 377 24.3 Convective Mass Transfer 397 24.4 Closure 398 25. Differential Equations of Mass Transfer 399 25.1 The Differential Equation for Mass Transfer 399 25.2 Special Forms of the Differential Mass-Transfer Equation 402 25.3 Commonly Encountered Boundary Conditions 404 25.4 Steps for Modeling Processes Involving Molecular Diffusion 407 25.5 Closure 416 26. Steady-State Molecular Diffusion 417 26.1 One-Dimensional Mass Transfer Independent of Chemical Reaction 417 26.2 One-Dimensional Systems Associated with Chemical Reaction 428 26.3 Two- and Three-Dimensional Systems 438 26.4 Simultaneous Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer 441 26.5 Closure 448 27. Unsteady-State Molecular Diffusion 449 27.1 Unsteady-State Diffusion and Fick's Second Law 449 27.2 Transient Diffusion in a Semi-Infinite Medium 450 27.3 Transient Diffusion in a Finite-Dimensional Medium under Conditions of Negligible Surface Resistance 454 27.4 Concentration-Time Charts for Simple Geometric Shapes 462 27.5 Closure 466 28. Convective Mass Transfer 467 28.1 Fundamental Considerations in Convective Mass Transfer 467 28.2 Significant Parameters in Convective Mass Transfer 470 28.3 Dimensional Analysis of Convective Mass Transfer 473 28.4 Exact Analysis of the Laminar Concentration Boundary Layer 475 28.5 Approximate Analysis of the Concentration Boundary Layer 483 28.6 Mass-, Energy-, and Momentum-Transfer Analogies 488 28.7 Models for Convective Mass-Transfer Coefficients 495 28.8 Closure 497 29. Convective Mass Transfer Between Phases 498 29.1 Equilibrium 498 29.2 Two-Resistance Theory 501 29.3 Closure 516 30. Convective Mass-Transfer Correlations 517 30.1 Mass Transfer to Plates, Spheres, and Cylinders 518 30.2 Mass Transfer Involving Flow Through Pipes 526 30.3 Mass Transfer in Wetted-Wall Columns 527 30.4 Mass Transfer in Packed and Fluidized Beds 530 30.5 Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in Bubble Columns and Stirred Tanks 531 30.6 Capacity Coefficients for Packed Towers 534 30.7 Steps for Modeling Mass-Transfer Processes Involving Convection 535 30.8 Closure 544 31. Mass-Transfer Equipment 545 31.1 Types of Mass-Transfer Equipment 545 31.2 Gas-Liquid Mass-Transfer Operations in Well-Mixed Tanks 547 31.3 Mass Balances for Continuous-Contact Towers: Operating-Line Equations 552 31.4 Enthalpy Balances for Continuous-Contacts Towers 560 31.5 Mass-Transfer Capacity Coefficients 561 31.6 Continuous-Contact Equipment Analysis 562 31.7 Closure 576 Nomenclature 577 Chapter Homework Problems P- 1 Appendices A. Transformations of the Operators
and
2 to Cylindrical Coordinates A- 1 B. Summary of Differential Vector Operations in Various Coordinate Systems A- 4 C. Symmetry of the Stress Tensor A- 7 D. The Viscous Contribution to the Normal Stress A- 8 E. The Navier-Stokes Equations for Constant
and
in Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates A- 10 F. Charts for Solution of Unsteady Transport Problems A- 12 G. Properties of the Standard Atmosphere A- 25 H. Physical Properties of Solids A- 28 I. Physical Properties of Gases and Liquids A- 31 J. Mass-Transfer Diffusion Coefficients in Binary Systems A- 44 K. Lennard-Jones Constants A- 47 L. The Error Function A- 50 M. Standard Pipe Sizes A- 51 N. Standard Tubing Gages A- 53 Index I- 1