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Paper and its raw materials are susceptible with fungal infection in any stage of paper manufacture. For studying this problem, samples of stored and deteriorated paper documents were collected from Archives in Mansoura city (Egypt), these documents were preserved for long periods (10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 years ago). More than 1188 isolates were isolated. Thirty two species belonging to sixteen genera were identified throughout this investigation namely: Alternaria, Aspergillus , Botryotrichum , Cephalosporium , Circinella , Cladosporium , Cunninghamella , Curvularia , Emercilla , Fusarium , Humicola , Mucor , Penicillium , Rhizopus , Scopulariopsis and Trichoderma . For control of fungal biodeterioration of paper documents, five chemical compounds (Formalin, mercuric chloride, cetyl tri-methyl ammonium bromide, naphthalene and sodium benzoate) and two essential oils of plant extracts (Lavender and garlic) were used. The most effective compound against all the tested fungal specieswas garlic extract as it inhibits the growth of all tested species with low concentration (0.16µl/ml).