This study was conducted for breed characterization on Salem black goats with respect to distribution, production and reproduction performance. The genetic marker study was also undertaken. The genetic marker studies included the karyological pattern and biochemical polymorphic phenotypic variants. This book contains all the information relating to origin, evolution, habitat, distribution, morphological characteristics, performance traits and genetic parameters of Salem black goats. This information had provided a base for formulating strategies on breed improvement and conservation. This book is of interest to animal geneticists, goat breeders, researchers, and scientists. Academician, researchers may use this book as a guide to the present and future research.