This book deals on the assessment and quantification of morpho-physiological diversity for the traits contributing towards drought tolerance in crops particularly in sorghum genetic diversity and post flowering drought assessments. The book covered three parts of studies: the first part discussed documentation of Eritrean sorghum landraces on production systems, utilization and challenges of production using formal survey and focused farmers discussion. The second part covered two years field experiment 2013-2014, on evaluation of sorghum landraces for post flowering drought tolerance at Hamelmalo Agricultural College field, and the third part discussed the genetic diversity analysis of Eritrean and regional sets of sorghum using SSR markers, a study done at the Bioscience for eastern and central Africa in Nairobi, Kenya. The book is helpful for researchers in crop science who would like to apply physiology, breeding and genomic analysis approaches to improve crop production which can stimulate to initiate and apply similar projects in potential crops of our region. This book is not only an excellent research tool, but it is also suitable as a reference source for professionals.