Eucalyptus is a genus comprising numerous flowering species in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. Along with other genera in the tribe Eucalypteae, they are commonly known as eucalypts. This book discusses the applications of biochemical and molecular markers for assessing the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Eucalyptus L. germplasm in order to provide developed technologies for crop improvement. This book is of interest to plant geneticists, plant breeders, researchers, and scientists.