Cultivated groundnut is one of the major cash crops cultivated by the people of Ghana. Its cultivation provides a source of income for major farming communities in mostly the Northern part of the country. Among major several uses, cultivate groundnut could be used for oil and also for domestic use as food. This research work delved into the different varieties and their contrasting genotypes using simple biotechnological tools. The research also focused on the nutritious values of this crop while looking at some challenges vis-a-vis diseases and pest infestation, and some recommendations that will ensure improve cultivation.