Georg GlaeserGeometry and its Applications in Arts, Nature and Technology
Introduction.- An idealized world out of simple elements: Points, straight lines and circles in the drawing plane. Special points inside the triangle. Elemental building blocks in space. Euclidean space. Polarity, duality and inversion. Projective and non-euclidean geometry.- Projections and shadows - Reduction of the dimension: The principle of the central projection. Through restrictions to parallel projection and normal projection. Assigned normal projections. The difference about technical drawing.- Polyhedra: Multiple faced and multi-sided: Congruence transformations. Convex polyhedral. Platonic solids. Other special classes of polyhedral. Planar sections of prisms and pyramids.- Curved but simple: Planar and spatial curves. The sphere. Cylinder surfaces. The ellipse as a planar section of a cylinder of revolution.- More about conic sections and developable surfaces: Cone surfaces. Conic sections. General developables (torses). About maps and "sphere developments". The "physical" reflection in a circle, a sphere and a cylinder of revolution.- Prototypes: Second-order surfaces. Three types of spatial points. Surfaces of revolution. The torus as a prototype for all other surfaces of revolution. Pipe and duct surfaces.- Further remarkable classes of surfaces: Ruled surfaces. Helical surfaces. Different types of spiral surfaces. Minimal surfaces.- The endless variety of curved surfaces: Mathematical surfaces and free-form surfaces. Interpolating surfaces. Bézier- and B-spline-curves. Bézier- and B-spline-surfaces. Surface design, only differently.- Photographic image and individual perception: The human eye and the pinhole camera. Different techniques of perspective. Reconstruction of spatial objects. Other perspectives. Geometry at the water surface.- Everything is moving - Kinematics: The pole, about which everything revolves. Different mechanisms. Ellipse movement. Trochoid motion.- Movement in space: Movement on the sphere. Genmeral spatial movements. Where is the sun? About sundials.- A: The variety of tessellations.- B: A course in free hand drawing.- C: A geometrical course about photography.- D Nature of geometry and geometry of nature.
