Exchanges between different cultures and institutions of learning have taken place for centuries, but it was only in the twentieth century that such efforts evolved into formal programs that received focused attention from nation-states, empires and international organizations. Global Exchanges provides a wide-ranging overview of this underresearched topic, examining the scope, scale and evolution of organized exchanges around the globe through the twentieth century. In doing so it dramatically reveals the true extent of organized exchange and its essential contribution for knowledge transfer,…mehr
Exchanges between different cultures and institutions of learning have taken place for centuries, but it was only in the twentieth century that such efforts evolved into formal programs that received focused attention from nation-states, empires and international organizations. Global Exchanges provides a wide-ranging overview of this underresearched topic, examining the scope, scale and evolution of organized exchanges around the globe through the twentieth century. In doing so it dramatically reveals the true extent of organized exchange and its essential contribution for knowledge transfer, cultural interchange, and the formation of global networks so often taken for granted today.
Ludovic Tournès is Professor of International History at the University of Geneva. As a specialist of cultural and scientific transnational circulations, cultural diplomacy, and US-Europe relations, he has published five books, most recently Les Etats-Unis et la Société des Nations: le système international face à l'émergence d'une superpuissance (Peter Lang, 2015).
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List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction: A World of Exchanges: Conceptualizing the History of International Scholarship Programs (Nineteenth to Twenty-First Centuries) Ludovic Tournès and Giles Scott-Smith PART I: NATIONAL AND IMPERIAL POWER POLITICS Chapter 1. The Politics of Scholarly Exchange: Taking the Long View on the Rhodes Scholarships Tamson Pietsch & Meng-Hsuan Chou Appendix: Derek Jon de Sa Chapter 2. The Defeat of University Autonomy: French Academic Diplomacy, Mobility Scholarships and Exchange Programs (1880s-1930s) Guillaume Tronchet Appendix: The French-Serbian Academic Exchange Agreement of 1916 Chapter 3. The Commonwealth University Interchange Scheme: Promoting Exchanges in a Changing World (1948-1960) Alice Byrne Appendix: Sir Hector Hetherington (1888-1965) Chapter 4. Students as Ambassadors: German-American Exchange Diplomacy during the 1980s Jacob S. Eder Appendix: Hildegard Hamm-Brücher (1921-2016) PART II: INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING AND WORLD PEACE Chapter 5. Muscular Christian Exchanges: Asian Sports Experts and the International YMCA Training School (1910s-1930s) Stefan Hübner Appendix: Dong Shouyi (1895-1978) Chapter 6. Managing Scientific Exchange in Interwar Germany: August Wilhelm Fehling and Rockefeller Foundation Fellowships Judith Syga-Dubois Appendix: Eva Flügge Chapter 7. Wedges and Webs: Rockefeller Nursing Fellowships (1920-1940) Pierre-Yves Saunier Appendix: Katarina Stipetic Chapter 8. Fellowship Programs for Public Health Development: The Rockefeller Foundation, UNRRA, and the WHO (1920s - 1970s) Yi-Tang Lin, Thomas David, Davide Rodogno Chapter 9. New Missionaries for Social Development: The ILO Internship Program (1950-1963) Véronique Plata-Stenger Appendix: Fresia Carballo de Mendoza PART III: THE COLD WAR: A GOLD AGE OF SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS Chapter 10. The Fulbright Program and the Philosophy and Geography of US Exchange Programs since World War II Lonnie R. Johnson Appendix: The Long-Term Impact of the Fulbright Program. An Assessment by Bronislaw Marciniak Chapter 11. Grassroots Diplomacy: Fighting the Cold War on the Family Farm with the International Farm Youth Exchange Peter Simons Appendix: Preparing for Farm Life Abroad Chapter 12. Third World Students at Soviet Universities in the Brezhnev Period Julie Hessler Chapter 13. US Exchange Programs with Africa during the Civil Rights Era Hannah Higgin Chapter 14. Working on/Working with the Soviet Bloc: IREX, Scholarly Exchanges and Détente Justine Faure Appendix: Allen H. Kassof PART IV: THE GLOBALIZATION MOMENT: NEW GEOGRAPHY AND NEW CHALLENGES Chapter 15. American Foundations and the Challenge of Funding International Fellowship and Exchange Programs Since 1970 Patricia L. Rosenfield Chapter 16. Global Networks, Soft Power, and the US Military Carol Atkinson Appendix: Kristin Lund Chapter 17. American Fulbrighters in China (1979-2014) Guangqiu Xu Chapter 18. Importing Barbarian Knowledge : The JET Program and the Development of Cultural Internationalism in Japan (1987-2014) Jesse Sargent Appendix: The JET Alumni Association Chapter 19. New Actors of the post-Cold War World (Europe, China, India): Towards a Genuine Globalization of Scholarship Programs Ludovic Tournès Conclusion: 150 Years of Scholarship Programs: Old Trends and New Prospects in the Global Landscpe Giles Scott-Smith and Ludovic Tournès Selected Bibliography Web Resources Index
List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction: A World of Exchanges: Conceptualizing the History of International Scholarship Programs (Nineteenth to Twenty-First Centuries) Ludovic Tournès and Giles Scott-Smith PART I: NATIONAL AND IMPERIAL POWER POLITICS Chapter 1. The Politics of Scholarly Exchange: Taking the Long View on the Rhodes Scholarships Tamson Pietsch & Meng-Hsuan Chou Appendix: Derek Jon de Sa Chapter 2. The Defeat of University Autonomy: French Academic Diplomacy, Mobility Scholarships and Exchange Programs (1880s-1930s) Guillaume Tronchet Appendix: The French-Serbian Academic Exchange Agreement of 1916 Chapter 3. The Commonwealth University Interchange Scheme: Promoting Exchanges in a Changing World (1948-1960) Alice Byrne Appendix: Sir Hector Hetherington (1888-1965) Chapter 4. Students as Ambassadors: German-American Exchange Diplomacy during the 1980s Jacob S. Eder Appendix: Hildegard Hamm-Brücher (1921-2016) PART II: INTERNATIONAL UNDERSTANDING AND WORLD PEACE Chapter 5. Muscular Christian Exchanges: Asian Sports Experts and the International YMCA Training School (1910s-1930s) Stefan Hübner Appendix: Dong Shouyi (1895-1978) Chapter 6. Managing Scientific Exchange in Interwar Germany: August Wilhelm Fehling and Rockefeller Foundation Fellowships Judith Syga-Dubois Appendix: Eva Flügge Chapter 7. Wedges and Webs: Rockefeller Nursing Fellowships (1920-1940) Pierre-Yves Saunier Appendix: Katarina Stipetic Chapter 8. Fellowship Programs for Public Health Development: The Rockefeller Foundation, UNRRA, and the WHO (1920s - 1970s) Yi-Tang Lin, Thomas David, Davide Rodogno Chapter 9. New Missionaries for Social Development: The ILO Internship Program (1950-1963) Véronique Plata-Stenger Appendix: Fresia Carballo de Mendoza PART III: THE COLD WAR: A GOLD AGE OF SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS Chapter 10. The Fulbright Program and the Philosophy and Geography of US Exchange Programs since World War II Lonnie R. Johnson Appendix: The Long-Term Impact of the Fulbright Program. An Assessment by Bronislaw Marciniak Chapter 11. Grassroots Diplomacy: Fighting the Cold War on the Family Farm with the International Farm Youth Exchange Peter Simons Appendix: Preparing for Farm Life Abroad Chapter 12. Third World Students at Soviet Universities in the Brezhnev Period Julie Hessler Chapter 13. US Exchange Programs with Africa during the Civil Rights Era Hannah Higgin Chapter 14. Working on/Working with the Soviet Bloc: IREX, Scholarly Exchanges and Détente Justine Faure Appendix: Allen H. Kassof PART IV: THE GLOBALIZATION MOMENT: NEW GEOGRAPHY AND NEW CHALLENGES Chapter 15. American Foundations and the Challenge of Funding International Fellowship and Exchange Programs Since 1970 Patricia L. Rosenfield Chapter 16. Global Networks, Soft Power, and the US Military Carol Atkinson Appendix: Kristin Lund Chapter 17. American Fulbrighters in China (1979-2014) Guangqiu Xu Chapter 18. Importing Barbarian Knowledge : The JET Program and the Development of Cultural Internationalism in Japan (1987-2014) Jesse Sargent Appendix: The JET Alumni Association Chapter 19. New Actors of the post-Cold War World (Europe, China, India): Towards a Genuine Globalization of Scholarship Programs Ludovic Tournès Conclusion: 150 Years of Scholarship Programs: Old Trends and New Prospects in the Global Landscpe Giles Scott-Smith and Ludovic Tournès Selected Bibliography Web Resources Index
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