Mycobacterial infections, such as Tuberculosis (TB), Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer, are caused by bacteria from the Mycobacterium genus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae and M. ulcerans, respectively. These diseases constitute challenges to global public health, causing death, suffering, economic losses and poverty. This book focused on the chemical synthesis and antigenic activity of mycobacterial glycolipidic epitopes. These chemical synthesized epitopes can help biologists to better understand the mechanisms underlying mycobacterial pathogenicity and to discover new vaccines against mycobacterial infections.