Starting from year 2007, NAO robots have been chosen to serve as robots used in Robot Soccer World Cup (RoboCup) Standard Platform League (SPL), which is an annual international robot soccer competition. In this book some useful goalpost, ball, and field detection as well as self-localization of the NAO robots is studied in details. This book will provide a very useful guideline for all researchers who are interested in doing some research work in line with challenges introduced in RoboCup.