The elaboration of the present study is primarily aimed to educational purposes. As a second aim, it tries to analyze, understand and explain a policy making process at the sub-national level, which is intended to contribute to the sustainability of biofuels development in Peru, under both a global context of climate change and a national context of governmental decentralization. Two conceptual frameworks have been selected for the analysis of the Conciliation Table on Biofuels in Lambayeque as a case study: policy arrangement approach, and governance capacity approach. A complete summary is presented early in the document providing details on the case. I invite you to read it; and if you consider the topic as interesting as I do, I challenge you to continue through the whole document; as you will find useful information for the analysis of similar processes.