As the area of urbanization and industrialization become larger and larger with the flow of time the natural water bodies getting contaminated with many toxic substances. Introduction of toxic substances in our body is mostly through the drinking water and aquatic foods and food products. The removal of these toxic contaminants from the natural water resources that can not only protect the environment itself, but also stop the transfer of these contaminants in human body through food chains. Materials like graphene and functionalized graphene provide a very attractive platform to researcher for its usefulness as potent sorbent. A lot of works have been done regarding the usability of graphene for the removal of water contaminants such as heavy metal, pesticides, dyes and some other organic toxic materials. This book is emphasizing on various investigations and recent insight of developed techniques regarding graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives for the water purification system. As sorbent materials functionalized graphene are performing better than the conventionally used C8 and C18. Further, we also focused on the problems and challenges that still need to be rectified.