A research book including the most influencial fact about the ground water of Mahanadi basin. The study area forms a part of Athgarh basin underlain by a wide range of geological formation of Upper Gondwana age which consists of a thick pile of fresh water fluviatile and lacustrine sediments . In case of Mahanadi river basin hydrogeology plays a vital role in the water resource management. An attempt is made to infer the quality of water through field survey, geomorphological study, physico-chemical analysis using statistical methods, synthesis of data and interpretations. The result establish a relationship between groundwater quality and lithology of the area. The water quality has been evaluated throughly to generate base line information which have positive impact on the socio-economic condition of the people inhabiting and to take necessary steps regarding the groundwater quality control improvement. This book also helps the forthcoming researchers in the field of hydrogeology.