The primary goal of forward-looking planning of our social environment should be to preserve sufficient resources for future generations without compromising the present. This statement clarifies the reason why this book concentrates on rail. Chapter 1 deals with the Stakeholders Engagement, a sine qua non condition to adopt in any decision-making process. Chapter 2 deals with the rail costs and revenues. In Chapter 3 the economic and financial analysis have been reported together with their indicators. Chapter 4 reports the risks connected with investments in the rail system.