The hand loom industry of India is a part and parcel of the Textiles Industry, which plays a significant role in the socioeconomic life of the country. It, not only provides basic necessities of life but also plays a pivotal role through its contribution to industrial output, employment generation, and the export earnings of the country The strength of Hand loom lies in the introducing innovative designs, which cannot be replicated by the Power loom sector. The Book highlights the Production and Socioeconomic Status of Hand loom Workers,the Structure,features and importance of the Industry, its role in income and employment generation,Problems faced by this sector in Assam and India and different Government initiatives to develop this rural based industry.