Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry
Hrsg. v. Konstantina S. Nikita
Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry
Hrsg. v. Konstantina S. Nikita
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A must-have compendium on biomedical telemetry for all biomedical professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the field
Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry describes the main components of a typical biomedical telemetry system, as well as its technical challenges. Written by a diverse group of experts in the field, it is filled with overviews, highly-detailed scientific analyses, and example applications of biomedical telemetry. The book also addresses technologies for biomedical sensing and design of biomedical telemetry devices with special emphasis on powering/integration…mehr
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A must-have compendium on biomedical telemetry for all biomedical professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the field
Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry describes the main components of a typical biomedical telemetry system, as well as its technical challenges. Written by a diverse group of experts in the field, it is filled with overviews, highly-detailed scientific analyses, and example applications of biomedical telemetry. The book also addresses technologies for biomedical sensing and design of biomedical telemetry devices with special emphasis on powering/integration issues and materials for biomedical telemetry applications.
Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry:
Describes the main components of a typical biomedical telemetry system, along with the technical challenges
Discusses issues of spectrum regulations, standards, and interoperability-while major technical challenges related to advanced materials, miniaturization, and biocompatibility issues are also included
Covers body area electromagnetics, inductive coupling, antennas for biomedical telemetry, intra-body communications, non-RF communication links for biomedical telemetry (optical biotelemetry), as well as safety issues, human phantoms, and exposure assessment to high-frequency biotelemetry fields
Presents biosensor network topologies and standards; context-aware sensing and multi-sensor fusion; security and privacy issues in biomedical telemetry; and the connection between biomedical telemetry and telemedicine
Introduces clinical applications of Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) in addition to selected examples of wearable, implantable, ingestible devices, stimulator and integrated mobile healthcare system paradigms for monitoring and therapeutic intervention
Covering biomedical telemetry devices, biosensor network topologies and standards, clinical applications, wearable and implantable devices, and the effects on the mobile healthcare system, this compendium is a must-have for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry describes the main components of a typical biomedical telemetry system, as well as its technical challenges. Written by a diverse group of experts in the field, it is filled with overviews, highly-detailed scientific analyses, and example applications of biomedical telemetry. The book also addresses technologies for biomedical sensing and design of biomedical telemetry devices with special emphasis on powering/integration issues and materials for biomedical telemetry applications.
Handbook of Biomedical Telemetry:
Describes the main components of a typical biomedical telemetry system, along with the technical challenges
Discusses issues of spectrum regulations, standards, and interoperability-while major technical challenges related to advanced materials, miniaturization, and biocompatibility issues are also included
Covers body area electromagnetics, inductive coupling, antennas for biomedical telemetry, intra-body communications, non-RF communication links for biomedical telemetry (optical biotelemetry), as well as safety issues, human phantoms, and exposure assessment to high-frequency biotelemetry fields
Presents biosensor network topologies and standards; context-aware sensing and multi-sensor fusion; security and privacy issues in biomedical telemetry; and the connection between biomedical telemetry and telemedicine
Introduces clinical applications of Body Sensor Networks (BSNs) in addition to selected examples of wearable, implantable, ingestible devices, stimulator and integrated mobile healthcare system paradigms for monitoring and therapeutic intervention
Covering biomedical telemetry devices, biosensor network topologies and standards, clinical applications, wearable and implantable devices, and the effects on the mobile healthcare system, this compendium is a must-have for professional engineers, researchers, and graduate students.
Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- IEEE Press Series on Biomedical Engineering
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 736
- Erscheinungstermin: September 2014
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 45mm
- Gewicht: 1299g
- ISBN-13: 9781118388617
- ISBN-10: 1118388615
- Artikelnr.: 37328170
- IEEE Press Series on Biomedical Engineering
- Verlag: Wiley & Sons
- 1. Auflage
- Seitenzahl: 736
- Erscheinungstermin: September 2014
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 45mm
- Gewicht: 1299g
- ISBN-13: 9781118388617
- ISBN-10: 1118388615
- Artikelnr.: 37328170
KONSTANTINA S. NIKITA is a Professor within the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at NTUA (National Technical University of Athens). She has authored or coauthored six books, 170 papers in refereed international journals, and over 300 papers in international conference proceedings. The holder of two patents, Dr. Nikita is a senior member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE); an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, the Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, and the Bioelectromagnetics Journal; a member of the EMBS BHI Technical Committee; the Founding Chair and Ambassador of the IEEE-Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Greece Chapter; and Vice Chair of the IEEE Greece Section.
PREFACE xxi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxiii CONTRIBUTORS xxv 1 Introduction to Biomedical Telemetry 1 Konstantina S. Nikita 1.1 What is Biomedical Telemetry? 1 1.2 Significance of Area
3 1.3 Typical Biomedical Telemetry System
4 1.4 Challenges in Biomedical Telemetry
5 1.5 Commercial Medical Telemetry Devices
14 1.6 Overview of Book
19 References
23 PART I BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY DEVICES 27 2 Design Considerations of Biomedical Telemetry Devices 29 Dominik Cirmirakis and Andreas Demosthenous 2.1 Introduction
29 2.2 Energy Transfer Types
30 2.3 Architecture of Inductively Coupled Biomedical Telemetry Devices
31 2.4 Data Transmission Methods
39 2.5 Safety Issues
44 2.6 Conclusion
51 References
51 3 Sensing Principles for Biomedical Telemetry 56 Athanasios Lioumpas
Georgia Ntouni
and Konstantina S. Nikita 3.1 Introduction
56 3.2 Biosensor Structure
57 3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors
59 3.4 Optical Biosensors
63 3.5 Thermal/Calorimetric Biosensors
67 3.6 Piezoelectric Biosensors
69 3.7 Other Types of Biosensors
71 3.8 Conclusions
72 References
73 4 Sensing Technologies for Biomedical Telemetry 76 Toshiyo Tamura 4.1 Introduction
76 4.2 Noninvasive Sensors and Interfaces
77 4.3 Invasive and Implantable Sensors
92 4.4 Conclusion
101 References
101 5 Power Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 108 Manos M. Tentzeris
Rushi Vyas
WeiWei
Yoshihiro Kawahara
Li Yang
Stavros Georgakopoulos
Vasileios Lakafosis
Sangkil Kim
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 5.1 Introduction and Powering Mechanisms
108 5.2 Motion-Powered Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless Sensors
109 5.3 Noninvasive Wireless Methods for Powering on Sensors
112 5.4 Conclusion
129 References
129 PART II PROPAGATION AND COMMUNICATION ISSUES FOR BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 131 6 Numerical and Experimental Techniques for Body Area Electromagnetics 133 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 6.1 Introduction
133 6.2 Electrical Properties of Human Body Tissues
135 6.3 Numerical Modeling
139 6.4 Physical Modeling
154 6.5 Safety Issues
164 6.6 Conclusion
167 References
168 7 Inductive Coupling 174 Maysam Ghovanloo and Mehdi Kiani 7.1 Introduction
174 7.2 Induction Principles
175 7.3 Wireless Power Transmission
178 7.4 Inductive Coupling for Biomedical Telemetry
186 7.5 Inductive Data Transmission
192 7.6 Broader Applications
201 7.7 Future Research Directions
202 7.8 Conclusion
202 References
203 8 Antennas and RF Communication 209 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 8.1 Introduction
209 8.2 Background Information
211 8.3 On-Body Antennas
212 8.4 Implantable Antennas
223 8.5 Ingestible Antennas
235 8.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
245 References
246 9 Intrabody Communication 252 Laura M. Roa
Javier Reina-Tosina
Amparo Callejón-Leblic
David Naranjo
and Miguel Á. Estudillo-Valderrama 9.1 Introduction
252 9.2 Intrabody Communication Transmission Methods
256 9.3 Dielectric Properties of Human Body
259 9.4 Experimental Characterization of IBC Channel
265 9.5 Introduction to IBC Models
273 9.6 IBC Propagation Channel
282 9.7 Conclusion
292 Acknowledgments
294 References
294 10 Optical Biotelemetry 301 Koichi Shimizu 10.1 Introduction
301 10.2 Optical Technology for Optical Biotelemetry
303 10.3 Communication Technology for Optical Telemetry
306 10.4 Propagation of Optical Signal
309 10.5 Multiplexing in Optical Telemetry
313 10.6 Applications of Optical Telemetry
316 10.7 Conclusion
327 References
328 11 Biosensor Communication Technology and Standards 330 Lars Schmitt
Javier Espina
Thomas Falck
and Dong Wang 11.1 Introduction
330 11.2 Biosensor Application Scenarios
332 11.3 Biosensor Communication Technologies
335 11.4 Conclusion
364 References
365 12 Context-Aware Sensing and Multisensor Fusion 368 Stefan Hey 12.1 Introduction
368 12.2 Context-Aware Sensing
368 12.3 Multisensor Fusion
373 12.4 Example Application: Stress Measurement
378 12.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
379 References
379 13 Security and Privacy in Biomedical Telemetry: Mobile Health Platform for Secure Information Exchange 382 Nikolaos Bourbakis
Alexandros Pantelopoulos
and Raghudeep Kannavara 13.1 Introduction
382 13.2 Digital Security
383 13.3 Wearable Health Monitoring Systems (WHMS) Platform
390 13.4 Processing of Physiological Data
394 13.5 Secure Information Exchange
400 13.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
414 Acknowledgment
415 References
415 14 Connection Between Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine 419 Emmanouil G. Spanakis
Vangelis Sakkalis
Kostas Marias
and Manolis Tsiknakis 14.1 Introduction
419 14.2 Biomedical Instrumentation
420 14.3 Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine: Related Work
421 14.4 Theory and Applications of Biomedical Telemetry
423 14.5 Integration of Biomedical Telemetry with Telemedicine
423 14.6 Wireless Communication Protocols and Standards
425 14.7 Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine Health Networks
425 14.8 Telecommunication Networks in Health Care for Biomedical Telemetry
428 14.9 Future Research Directions and Challenges
437 14.10 Conclusion
440 References
442 15 Safety Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 445 Konstantinos A. Psathas
Asimina Kiourti
and Konstantina S. Nikita 15.1 Introduction
445 15.2 Operational Safety
446 15.3 Product and Device Hazards
450 15.4 Patient and Clinical Safety
454 15.5 Human Factor and Use Issues
458 15.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Interference Issues
461 15.7 Applicable Guidelines
464 15.8 Occupational Safety
471 15.9 Future Research Directions
472 15.10 Conclusion
473 References
474 PART III EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 479 16 Clinical Applications of Body Sensor Networks 481 Richard M. Kwasnicki and Guang-Zhong Yang 16.1 Introduction
481 16.2 Healthcare Paradigm Shift for Pervasive Sensing
483 16.3 Usage Scenarios
484 16.4 Opportunities and Future Challenges
494 16.5 Conclusion
501 Acknowledgment
502 References
502 17 Wearable Health Care System Paradigm 505 Yang Hao and Robert Foster 17.1 Introduction
505 17.2 Wireless Wearable Technology in Health Care
506 17.3 Methods and Design Approach for Wireless Wearable Systems
509 17.4 Example Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications in Health Care
516 17.5 Conclusion
521 References
521 18 Epidermal Sensor Paradigm: Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring 525 Dimitris Psychoudakis
Chi-Chih Chen
Gil-Young Lee
and John L. Volakis 18.1 Introduction
525 18.2 Review of Electromagnetic Properties of Human Body
526 18.3 Propagation Modes for Body-Centric Wireless Communications
531 18.4 Human Torso Model for Body-Centric Wireless Communication
537 18.5 Two-Layer Model for Internal Organ Monitoring
542 18.6 Epidermal RF Sensor for Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring
542 18.7 Extraction of Dielectric Constant
544 18.8 Conclusion
546 References
547 19 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm 549 Masaharu Takahashi and Koichi Ito 19.1 Introduction
549 19.2 Multilayered Model Simulating Human Body
550 19.3 Cardiac Pacemaker Embedded in Multilayered Models
554 19.4 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm
562 19.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
568 References
570 20 Ingestible Health Care System Paradigm forWireless Capsule Endoscopy 572 Nikolaos Bourbakis and Alexandros Karargyris 20.1 Introduction
572 20.2 WCE and Endoscopic Imaging
576 20.3 Diagnostic Methods and Challenges
585 20.4 Future Directions: Design New Generation of WCE
586 20.5 Conclusion and WCE Global Health Care
591 References
591 21 Stimulator Paradigm: Artificial Retina 593 Carlos J. Cela
Keyoor C. Gosalia
Anil Kumar RamRakhyani
Gianluca Lazzi
Shruthi Soora
Gerard J. Hayes
and Michael D. Dickey 21.1 Introduction
593 21.2 Telemetry for Artificial Retina
594 21.3 Intraocular Telemetry Antennas
595 21.4 Multicoil Telemetry
611 21.5 Future Research Directions: Flexible and Liquid Antennas
618 21.6 Conclusion
620 References
620 22 mHealth-Integrated System Paradigm: Diabetes Management 623 Alessio Fioravanti
Giuseppe Fico
Alejandro González Patón
Jan-Paul Leuteritz
Alejandra Guillén Arredondo
and María Teresa Arredondo Waldmeyer 22.1 Clinical Treatment
623 22.2 Diabetes Treatment through Telemetry
624 22.3 Problems Related to Current Treatments
625 22.4 Assessment: State of the Art
625 22.5 Technological Solution
626 22.6 METABO System
627 22.7 Evaluation Methodology: Data Collection and System Testing
629 22.8 Results
631 22.9 Conclusion
631 Acknowledgments
632 References
632 23 Advanced Material-Based Sensing Structures 633 Manos M. Tentzeris
Sangkil Kim
Vasileios Lakafosis
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Rushi Vyas
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 23.1 Introduction
633 23.2 Human-Body-Wearable Antennas
634 23.3 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
656 23.4 Graphene-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
670 23.5 Integrated Wireless Modules
679 23.6 Conclusion
685 References
686 INDEX 691
3 1.3 Typical Biomedical Telemetry System
4 1.4 Challenges in Biomedical Telemetry
5 1.5 Commercial Medical Telemetry Devices
14 1.6 Overview of Book
19 References
23 PART I BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY DEVICES 27 2 Design Considerations of Biomedical Telemetry Devices 29 Dominik Cirmirakis and Andreas Demosthenous 2.1 Introduction
29 2.2 Energy Transfer Types
30 2.3 Architecture of Inductively Coupled Biomedical Telemetry Devices
31 2.4 Data Transmission Methods
39 2.5 Safety Issues
44 2.6 Conclusion
51 References
51 3 Sensing Principles for Biomedical Telemetry 56 Athanasios Lioumpas
Georgia Ntouni
and Konstantina S. Nikita 3.1 Introduction
56 3.2 Biosensor Structure
57 3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors
59 3.4 Optical Biosensors
63 3.5 Thermal/Calorimetric Biosensors
67 3.6 Piezoelectric Biosensors
69 3.7 Other Types of Biosensors
71 3.8 Conclusions
72 References
73 4 Sensing Technologies for Biomedical Telemetry 76 Toshiyo Tamura 4.1 Introduction
76 4.2 Noninvasive Sensors and Interfaces
77 4.3 Invasive and Implantable Sensors
92 4.4 Conclusion
101 References
101 5 Power Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 108 Manos M. Tentzeris
Rushi Vyas
WeiWei
Yoshihiro Kawahara
Li Yang
Stavros Georgakopoulos
Vasileios Lakafosis
Sangkil Kim
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 5.1 Introduction and Powering Mechanisms
108 5.2 Motion-Powered Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless Sensors
109 5.3 Noninvasive Wireless Methods for Powering on Sensors
112 5.4 Conclusion
129 References
129 PART II PROPAGATION AND COMMUNICATION ISSUES FOR BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 131 6 Numerical and Experimental Techniques for Body Area Electromagnetics 133 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 6.1 Introduction
133 6.2 Electrical Properties of Human Body Tissues
135 6.3 Numerical Modeling
139 6.4 Physical Modeling
154 6.5 Safety Issues
164 6.6 Conclusion
167 References
168 7 Inductive Coupling 174 Maysam Ghovanloo and Mehdi Kiani 7.1 Introduction
174 7.2 Induction Principles
175 7.3 Wireless Power Transmission
178 7.4 Inductive Coupling for Biomedical Telemetry
186 7.5 Inductive Data Transmission
192 7.6 Broader Applications
201 7.7 Future Research Directions
202 7.8 Conclusion
202 References
203 8 Antennas and RF Communication 209 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 8.1 Introduction
209 8.2 Background Information
211 8.3 On-Body Antennas
212 8.4 Implantable Antennas
223 8.5 Ingestible Antennas
235 8.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
245 References
246 9 Intrabody Communication 252 Laura M. Roa
Javier Reina-Tosina
Amparo Callejón-Leblic
David Naranjo
and Miguel Á. Estudillo-Valderrama 9.1 Introduction
252 9.2 Intrabody Communication Transmission Methods
256 9.3 Dielectric Properties of Human Body
259 9.4 Experimental Characterization of IBC Channel
265 9.5 Introduction to IBC Models
273 9.6 IBC Propagation Channel
282 9.7 Conclusion
292 Acknowledgments
294 References
294 10 Optical Biotelemetry 301 Koichi Shimizu 10.1 Introduction
301 10.2 Optical Technology for Optical Biotelemetry
303 10.3 Communication Technology for Optical Telemetry
306 10.4 Propagation of Optical Signal
309 10.5 Multiplexing in Optical Telemetry
313 10.6 Applications of Optical Telemetry
316 10.7 Conclusion
327 References
328 11 Biosensor Communication Technology and Standards 330 Lars Schmitt
Javier Espina
Thomas Falck
and Dong Wang 11.1 Introduction
330 11.2 Biosensor Application Scenarios
332 11.3 Biosensor Communication Technologies
335 11.4 Conclusion
364 References
365 12 Context-Aware Sensing and Multisensor Fusion 368 Stefan Hey 12.1 Introduction
368 12.2 Context-Aware Sensing
368 12.3 Multisensor Fusion
373 12.4 Example Application: Stress Measurement
378 12.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
379 References
379 13 Security and Privacy in Biomedical Telemetry: Mobile Health Platform for Secure Information Exchange 382 Nikolaos Bourbakis
Alexandros Pantelopoulos
and Raghudeep Kannavara 13.1 Introduction
382 13.2 Digital Security
383 13.3 Wearable Health Monitoring Systems (WHMS) Platform
390 13.4 Processing of Physiological Data
394 13.5 Secure Information Exchange
400 13.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
414 Acknowledgment
415 References
415 14 Connection Between Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine 419 Emmanouil G. Spanakis
Vangelis Sakkalis
Kostas Marias
and Manolis Tsiknakis 14.1 Introduction
419 14.2 Biomedical Instrumentation
420 14.3 Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine: Related Work
421 14.4 Theory and Applications of Biomedical Telemetry
423 14.5 Integration of Biomedical Telemetry with Telemedicine
423 14.6 Wireless Communication Protocols and Standards
425 14.7 Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine Health Networks
425 14.8 Telecommunication Networks in Health Care for Biomedical Telemetry
428 14.9 Future Research Directions and Challenges
437 14.10 Conclusion
440 References
442 15 Safety Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 445 Konstantinos A. Psathas
Asimina Kiourti
and Konstantina S. Nikita 15.1 Introduction
445 15.2 Operational Safety
446 15.3 Product and Device Hazards
450 15.4 Patient and Clinical Safety
454 15.5 Human Factor and Use Issues
458 15.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Interference Issues
461 15.7 Applicable Guidelines
464 15.8 Occupational Safety
471 15.9 Future Research Directions
472 15.10 Conclusion
473 References
474 PART III EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 479 16 Clinical Applications of Body Sensor Networks 481 Richard M. Kwasnicki and Guang-Zhong Yang 16.1 Introduction
481 16.2 Healthcare Paradigm Shift for Pervasive Sensing
483 16.3 Usage Scenarios
484 16.4 Opportunities and Future Challenges
494 16.5 Conclusion
501 Acknowledgment
502 References
502 17 Wearable Health Care System Paradigm 505 Yang Hao and Robert Foster 17.1 Introduction
505 17.2 Wireless Wearable Technology in Health Care
506 17.3 Methods and Design Approach for Wireless Wearable Systems
509 17.4 Example Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications in Health Care
516 17.5 Conclusion
521 References
521 18 Epidermal Sensor Paradigm: Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring 525 Dimitris Psychoudakis
Chi-Chih Chen
Gil-Young Lee
and John L. Volakis 18.1 Introduction
525 18.2 Review of Electromagnetic Properties of Human Body
526 18.3 Propagation Modes for Body-Centric Wireless Communications
531 18.4 Human Torso Model for Body-Centric Wireless Communication
537 18.5 Two-Layer Model for Internal Organ Monitoring
542 18.6 Epidermal RF Sensor for Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring
542 18.7 Extraction of Dielectric Constant
544 18.8 Conclusion
546 References
547 19 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm 549 Masaharu Takahashi and Koichi Ito 19.1 Introduction
549 19.2 Multilayered Model Simulating Human Body
550 19.3 Cardiac Pacemaker Embedded in Multilayered Models
554 19.4 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm
562 19.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
568 References
570 20 Ingestible Health Care System Paradigm forWireless Capsule Endoscopy 572 Nikolaos Bourbakis and Alexandros Karargyris 20.1 Introduction
572 20.2 WCE and Endoscopic Imaging
576 20.3 Diagnostic Methods and Challenges
585 20.4 Future Directions: Design New Generation of WCE
586 20.5 Conclusion and WCE Global Health Care
591 References
591 21 Stimulator Paradigm: Artificial Retina 593 Carlos J. Cela
Keyoor C. Gosalia
Anil Kumar RamRakhyani
Gianluca Lazzi
Shruthi Soora
Gerard J. Hayes
and Michael D. Dickey 21.1 Introduction
593 21.2 Telemetry for Artificial Retina
594 21.3 Intraocular Telemetry Antennas
595 21.4 Multicoil Telemetry
611 21.5 Future Research Directions: Flexible and Liquid Antennas
618 21.6 Conclusion
620 References
620 22 mHealth-Integrated System Paradigm: Diabetes Management 623 Alessio Fioravanti
Giuseppe Fico
Alejandro González Patón
Jan-Paul Leuteritz
Alejandra Guillén Arredondo
and María Teresa Arredondo Waldmeyer 22.1 Clinical Treatment
623 22.2 Diabetes Treatment through Telemetry
624 22.3 Problems Related to Current Treatments
625 22.4 Assessment: State of the Art
625 22.5 Technological Solution
626 22.6 METABO System
627 22.7 Evaluation Methodology: Data Collection and System Testing
629 22.8 Results
631 22.9 Conclusion
631 Acknowledgments
632 References
632 23 Advanced Material-Based Sensing Structures 633 Manos M. Tentzeris
Sangkil Kim
Vasileios Lakafosis
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Rushi Vyas
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 23.1 Introduction
633 23.2 Human-Body-Wearable Antennas
634 23.3 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
656 23.4 Graphene-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
670 23.5 Integrated Wireless Modules
679 23.6 Conclusion
685 References
686 INDEX 691
PREFACE xxi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxiii CONTRIBUTORS xxv 1 Introduction to Biomedical Telemetry 1 Konstantina S. Nikita 1.1 What is Biomedical Telemetry? 1 1.2 Significance of Area
3 1.3 Typical Biomedical Telemetry System
4 1.4 Challenges in Biomedical Telemetry
5 1.5 Commercial Medical Telemetry Devices
14 1.6 Overview of Book
19 References
23 PART I BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY DEVICES 27 2 Design Considerations of Biomedical Telemetry Devices 29 Dominik Cirmirakis and Andreas Demosthenous 2.1 Introduction
29 2.2 Energy Transfer Types
30 2.3 Architecture of Inductively Coupled Biomedical Telemetry Devices
31 2.4 Data Transmission Methods
39 2.5 Safety Issues
44 2.6 Conclusion
51 References
51 3 Sensing Principles for Biomedical Telemetry 56 Athanasios Lioumpas
Georgia Ntouni
and Konstantina S. Nikita 3.1 Introduction
56 3.2 Biosensor Structure
57 3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors
59 3.4 Optical Biosensors
63 3.5 Thermal/Calorimetric Biosensors
67 3.6 Piezoelectric Biosensors
69 3.7 Other Types of Biosensors
71 3.8 Conclusions
72 References
73 4 Sensing Technologies for Biomedical Telemetry 76 Toshiyo Tamura 4.1 Introduction
76 4.2 Noninvasive Sensors and Interfaces
77 4.3 Invasive and Implantable Sensors
92 4.4 Conclusion
101 References
101 5 Power Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 108 Manos M. Tentzeris
Rushi Vyas
WeiWei
Yoshihiro Kawahara
Li Yang
Stavros Georgakopoulos
Vasileios Lakafosis
Sangkil Kim
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 5.1 Introduction and Powering Mechanisms
108 5.2 Motion-Powered Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless Sensors
109 5.3 Noninvasive Wireless Methods for Powering on Sensors
112 5.4 Conclusion
129 References
129 PART II PROPAGATION AND COMMUNICATION ISSUES FOR BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 131 6 Numerical and Experimental Techniques for Body Area Electromagnetics 133 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 6.1 Introduction
133 6.2 Electrical Properties of Human Body Tissues
135 6.3 Numerical Modeling
139 6.4 Physical Modeling
154 6.5 Safety Issues
164 6.6 Conclusion
167 References
168 7 Inductive Coupling 174 Maysam Ghovanloo and Mehdi Kiani 7.1 Introduction
174 7.2 Induction Principles
175 7.3 Wireless Power Transmission
178 7.4 Inductive Coupling for Biomedical Telemetry
186 7.5 Inductive Data Transmission
192 7.6 Broader Applications
201 7.7 Future Research Directions
202 7.8 Conclusion
202 References
203 8 Antennas and RF Communication 209 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 8.1 Introduction
209 8.2 Background Information
211 8.3 On-Body Antennas
212 8.4 Implantable Antennas
223 8.5 Ingestible Antennas
235 8.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
245 References
246 9 Intrabody Communication 252 Laura M. Roa
Javier Reina-Tosina
Amparo Callejón-Leblic
David Naranjo
and Miguel Á. Estudillo-Valderrama 9.1 Introduction
252 9.2 Intrabody Communication Transmission Methods
256 9.3 Dielectric Properties of Human Body
259 9.4 Experimental Characterization of IBC Channel
265 9.5 Introduction to IBC Models
273 9.6 IBC Propagation Channel
282 9.7 Conclusion
292 Acknowledgments
294 References
294 10 Optical Biotelemetry 301 Koichi Shimizu 10.1 Introduction
301 10.2 Optical Technology for Optical Biotelemetry
303 10.3 Communication Technology for Optical Telemetry
306 10.4 Propagation of Optical Signal
309 10.5 Multiplexing in Optical Telemetry
313 10.6 Applications of Optical Telemetry
316 10.7 Conclusion
327 References
328 11 Biosensor Communication Technology and Standards 330 Lars Schmitt
Javier Espina
Thomas Falck
and Dong Wang 11.1 Introduction
330 11.2 Biosensor Application Scenarios
332 11.3 Biosensor Communication Technologies
335 11.4 Conclusion
364 References
365 12 Context-Aware Sensing and Multisensor Fusion 368 Stefan Hey 12.1 Introduction
368 12.2 Context-Aware Sensing
368 12.3 Multisensor Fusion
373 12.4 Example Application: Stress Measurement
378 12.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
379 References
379 13 Security and Privacy in Biomedical Telemetry: Mobile Health Platform for Secure Information Exchange 382 Nikolaos Bourbakis
Alexandros Pantelopoulos
and Raghudeep Kannavara 13.1 Introduction
382 13.2 Digital Security
383 13.3 Wearable Health Monitoring Systems (WHMS) Platform
390 13.4 Processing of Physiological Data
394 13.5 Secure Information Exchange
400 13.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
414 Acknowledgment
415 References
415 14 Connection Between Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine 419 Emmanouil G. Spanakis
Vangelis Sakkalis
Kostas Marias
and Manolis Tsiknakis 14.1 Introduction
419 14.2 Biomedical Instrumentation
420 14.3 Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine: Related Work
421 14.4 Theory and Applications of Biomedical Telemetry
423 14.5 Integration of Biomedical Telemetry with Telemedicine
423 14.6 Wireless Communication Protocols and Standards
425 14.7 Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine Health Networks
425 14.8 Telecommunication Networks in Health Care for Biomedical Telemetry
428 14.9 Future Research Directions and Challenges
437 14.10 Conclusion
440 References
442 15 Safety Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 445 Konstantinos A. Psathas
Asimina Kiourti
and Konstantina S. Nikita 15.1 Introduction
445 15.2 Operational Safety
446 15.3 Product and Device Hazards
450 15.4 Patient and Clinical Safety
454 15.5 Human Factor and Use Issues
458 15.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Interference Issues
461 15.7 Applicable Guidelines
464 15.8 Occupational Safety
471 15.9 Future Research Directions
472 15.10 Conclusion
473 References
474 PART III EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 479 16 Clinical Applications of Body Sensor Networks 481 Richard M. Kwasnicki and Guang-Zhong Yang 16.1 Introduction
481 16.2 Healthcare Paradigm Shift for Pervasive Sensing
483 16.3 Usage Scenarios
484 16.4 Opportunities and Future Challenges
494 16.5 Conclusion
501 Acknowledgment
502 References
502 17 Wearable Health Care System Paradigm 505 Yang Hao and Robert Foster 17.1 Introduction
505 17.2 Wireless Wearable Technology in Health Care
506 17.3 Methods and Design Approach for Wireless Wearable Systems
509 17.4 Example Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications in Health Care
516 17.5 Conclusion
521 References
521 18 Epidermal Sensor Paradigm: Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring 525 Dimitris Psychoudakis
Chi-Chih Chen
Gil-Young Lee
and John L. Volakis 18.1 Introduction
525 18.2 Review of Electromagnetic Properties of Human Body
526 18.3 Propagation Modes for Body-Centric Wireless Communications
531 18.4 Human Torso Model for Body-Centric Wireless Communication
537 18.5 Two-Layer Model for Internal Organ Monitoring
542 18.6 Epidermal RF Sensor for Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring
542 18.7 Extraction of Dielectric Constant
544 18.8 Conclusion
546 References
547 19 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm 549 Masaharu Takahashi and Koichi Ito 19.1 Introduction
549 19.2 Multilayered Model Simulating Human Body
550 19.3 Cardiac Pacemaker Embedded in Multilayered Models
554 19.4 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm
562 19.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
568 References
570 20 Ingestible Health Care System Paradigm forWireless Capsule Endoscopy 572 Nikolaos Bourbakis and Alexandros Karargyris 20.1 Introduction
572 20.2 WCE and Endoscopic Imaging
576 20.3 Diagnostic Methods and Challenges
585 20.4 Future Directions: Design New Generation of WCE
586 20.5 Conclusion and WCE Global Health Care
591 References
591 21 Stimulator Paradigm: Artificial Retina 593 Carlos J. Cela
Keyoor C. Gosalia
Anil Kumar RamRakhyani
Gianluca Lazzi
Shruthi Soora
Gerard J. Hayes
and Michael D. Dickey 21.1 Introduction
593 21.2 Telemetry for Artificial Retina
594 21.3 Intraocular Telemetry Antennas
595 21.4 Multicoil Telemetry
611 21.5 Future Research Directions: Flexible and Liquid Antennas
618 21.6 Conclusion
620 References
620 22 mHealth-Integrated System Paradigm: Diabetes Management 623 Alessio Fioravanti
Giuseppe Fico
Alejandro González Patón
Jan-Paul Leuteritz
Alejandra Guillén Arredondo
and María Teresa Arredondo Waldmeyer 22.1 Clinical Treatment
623 22.2 Diabetes Treatment through Telemetry
624 22.3 Problems Related to Current Treatments
625 22.4 Assessment: State of the Art
625 22.5 Technological Solution
626 22.6 METABO System
627 22.7 Evaluation Methodology: Data Collection and System Testing
629 22.8 Results
631 22.9 Conclusion
631 Acknowledgments
632 References
632 23 Advanced Material-Based Sensing Structures 633 Manos M. Tentzeris
Sangkil Kim
Vasileios Lakafosis
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Rushi Vyas
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 23.1 Introduction
633 23.2 Human-Body-Wearable Antennas
634 23.3 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
656 23.4 Graphene-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
670 23.5 Integrated Wireless Modules
679 23.6 Conclusion
685 References
686 INDEX 691
3 1.3 Typical Biomedical Telemetry System
4 1.4 Challenges in Biomedical Telemetry
5 1.5 Commercial Medical Telemetry Devices
14 1.6 Overview of Book
19 References
23 PART I BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY DEVICES 27 2 Design Considerations of Biomedical Telemetry Devices 29 Dominik Cirmirakis and Andreas Demosthenous 2.1 Introduction
29 2.2 Energy Transfer Types
30 2.3 Architecture of Inductively Coupled Biomedical Telemetry Devices
31 2.4 Data Transmission Methods
39 2.5 Safety Issues
44 2.6 Conclusion
51 References
51 3 Sensing Principles for Biomedical Telemetry 56 Athanasios Lioumpas
Georgia Ntouni
and Konstantina S. Nikita 3.1 Introduction
56 3.2 Biosensor Structure
57 3.3 Electrochemical Biosensors
59 3.4 Optical Biosensors
63 3.5 Thermal/Calorimetric Biosensors
67 3.6 Piezoelectric Biosensors
69 3.7 Other Types of Biosensors
71 3.8 Conclusions
72 References
73 4 Sensing Technologies for Biomedical Telemetry 76 Toshiyo Tamura 4.1 Introduction
76 4.2 Noninvasive Sensors and Interfaces
77 4.3 Invasive and Implantable Sensors
92 4.4 Conclusion
101 References
101 5 Power Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 108 Manos M. Tentzeris
Rushi Vyas
WeiWei
Yoshihiro Kawahara
Li Yang
Stavros Georgakopoulos
Vasileios Lakafosis
Sangkil Kim
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 5.1 Introduction and Powering Mechanisms
108 5.2 Motion-Powered Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Wireless Sensors
109 5.3 Noninvasive Wireless Methods for Powering on Sensors
112 5.4 Conclusion
129 References
129 PART II PROPAGATION AND COMMUNICATION ISSUES FOR BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 131 6 Numerical and Experimental Techniques for Body Area Electromagnetics 133 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 6.1 Introduction
133 6.2 Electrical Properties of Human Body Tissues
135 6.3 Numerical Modeling
139 6.4 Physical Modeling
154 6.5 Safety Issues
164 6.6 Conclusion
167 References
168 7 Inductive Coupling 174 Maysam Ghovanloo and Mehdi Kiani 7.1 Introduction
174 7.2 Induction Principles
175 7.3 Wireless Power Transmission
178 7.4 Inductive Coupling for Biomedical Telemetry
186 7.5 Inductive Data Transmission
192 7.6 Broader Applications
201 7.7 Future Research Directions
202 7.8 Conclusion
202 References
203 8 Antennas and RF Communication 209 Asimina Kiourti and Konstantina S. Nikita 8.1 Introduction
209 8.2 Background Information
211 8.3 On-Body Antennas
212 8.4 Implantable Antennas
223 8.5 Ingestible Antennas
235 8.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
245 References
246 9 Intrabody Communication 252 Laura M. Roa
Javier Reina-Tosina
Amparo Callejón-Leblic
David Naranjo
and Miguel Á. Estudillo-Valderrama 9.1 Introduction
252 9.2 Intrabody Communication Transmission Methods
256 9.3 Dielectric Properties of Human Body
259 9.4 Experimental Characterization of IBC Channel
265 9.5 Introduction to IBC Models
273 9.6 IBC Propagation Channel
282 9.7 Conclusion
292 Acknowledgments
294 References
294 10 Optical Biotelemetry 301 Koichi Shimizu 10.1 Introduction
301 10.2 Optical Technology for Optical Biotelemetry
303 10.3 Communication Technology for Optical Telemetry
306 10.4 Propagation of Optical Signal
309 10.5 Multiplexing in Optical Telemetry
313 10.6 Applications of Optical Telemetry
316 10.7 Conclusion
327 References
328 11 Biosensor Communication Technology and Standards 330 Lars Schmitt
Javier Espina
Thomas Falck
and Dong Wang 11.1 Introduction
330 11.2 Biosensor Application Scenarios
332 11.3 Biosensor Communication Technologies
335 11.4 Conclusion
364 References
365 12 Context-Aware Sensing and Multisensor Fusion 368 Stefan Hey 12.1 Introduction
368 12.2 Context-Aware Sensing
368 12.3 Multisensor Fusion
373 12.4 Example Application: Stress Measurement
378 12.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
379 References
379 13 Security and Privacy in Biomedical Telemetry: Mobile Health Platform for Secure Information Exchange 382 Nikolaos Bourbakis
Alexandros Pantelopoulos
and Raghudeep Kannavara 13.1 Introduction
382 13.2 Digital Security
383 13.3 Wearable Health Monitoring Systems (WHMS) Platform
390 13.4 Processing of Physiological Data
394 13.5 Secure Information Exchange
400 13.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
414 Acknowledgment
415 References
415 14 Connection Between Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine 419 Emmanouil G. Spanakis
Vangelis Sakkalis
Kostas Marias
and Manolis Tsiknakis 14.1 Introduction
419 14.2 Biomedical Instrumentation
420 14.3 Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine: Related Work
421 14.4 Theory and Applications of Biomedical Telemetry
423 14.5 Integration of Biomedical Telemetry with Telemedicine
423 14.6 Wireless Communication Protocols and Standards
425 14.7 Cross-Layer Design of Wireless Biomedical Telemetry and Telemedicine Health Networks
425 14.8 Telecommunication Networks in Health Care for Biomedical Telemetry
428 14.9 Future Research Directions and Challenges
437 14.10 Conclusion
440 References
442 15 Safety Issues in Biomedical Telemetry 445 Konstantinos A. Psathas
Asimina Kiourti
and Konstantina S. Nikita 15.1 Introduction
445 15.2 Operational Safety
446 15.3 Product and Device Hazards
450 15.4 Patient and Clinical Safety
454 15.5 Human Factor and Use Issues
458 15.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Interference Issues
461 15.7 Applicable Guidelines
464 15.8 Occupational Safety
471 15.9 Future Research Directions
472 15.10 Conclusion
473 References
474 PART III EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL TELEMETRY 479 16 Clinical Applications of Body Sensor Networks 481 Richard M. Kwasnicki and Guang-Zhong Yang 16.1 Introduction
481 16.2 Healthcare Paradigm Shift for Pervasive Sensing
483 16.3 Usage Scenarios
484 16.4 Opportunities and Future Challenges
494 16.5 Conclusion
501 Acknowledgment
502 References
502 17 Wearable Health Care System Paradigm 505 Yang Hao and Robert Foster 17.1 Introduction
505 17.2 Wireless Wearable Technology in Health Care
506 17.3 Methods and Design Approach for Wireless Wearable Systems
509 17.4 Example Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) Applications in Health Care
516 17.5 Conclusion
521 References
521 18 Epidermal Sensor Paradigm: Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring 525 Dimitris Psychoudakis
Chi-Chih Chen
Gil-Young Lee
and John L. Volakis 18.1 Introduction
525 18.2 Review of Electromagnetic Properties of Human Body
526 18.3 Propagation Modes for Body-Centric Wireless Communications
531 18.4 Human Torso Model for Body-Centric Wireless Communication
537 18.5 Two-Layer Model for Internal Organ Monitoring
542 18.6 Epidermal RF Sensor for Inner Layer Tissue Monitoring
542 18.7 Extraction of Dielectric Constant
544 18.8 Conclusion
546 References
547 19 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm 549 Masaharu Takahashi and Koichi Ito 19.1 Introduction
549 19.2 Multilayered Model Simulating Human Body
550 19.3 Cardiac Pacemaker Embedded in Multilayered Models
554 19.4 Implantable Health Care System Paradigm
562 19.5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions
568 References
570 20 Ingestible Health Care System Paradigm forWireless Capsule Endoscopy 572 Nikolaos Bourbakis and Alexandros Karargyris 20.1 Introduction
572 20.2 WCE and Endoscopic Imaging
576 20.3 Diagnostic Methods and Challenges
585 20.4 Future Directions: Design New Generation of WCE
586 20.5 Conclusion and WCE Global Health Care
591 References
591 21 Stimulator Paradigm: Artificial Retina 593 Carlos J. Cela
Keyoor C. Gosalia
Anil Kumar RamRakhyani
Gianluca Lazzi
Shruthi Soora
Gerard J. Hayes
and Michael D. Dickey 21.1 Introduction
593 21.2 Telemetry for Artificial Retina
594 21.3 Intraocular Telemetry Antennas
595 21.4 Multicoil Telemetry
611 21.5 Future Research Directions: Flexible and Liquid Antennas
618 21.6 Conclusion
620 References
620 22 mHealth-Integrated System Paradigm: Diabetes Management 623 Alessio Fioravanti
Giuseppe Fico
Alejandro González Patón
Jan-Paul Leuteritz
Alejandra Guillén Arredondo
and María Teresa Arredondo Waldmeyer 22.1 Clinical Treatment
623 22.2 Diabetes Treatment through Telemetry
624 22.3 Problems Related to Current Treatments
625 22.4 Assessment: State of the Art
625 22.5 Technological Solution
626 22.6 METABO System
627 22.7 Evaluation Methodology: Data Collection and System Testing
629 22.8 Results
631 22.9 Conclusion
631 Acknowledgments
632 References
632 23 Advanced Material-Based Sensing Structures 633 Manos M. Tentzeris
Sangkil Kim
Vasileios Lakafosis
Hoseon Lee
Taoran Le
Rushi Vyas
Sagar Mukala
and Anya Traille 23.1 Introduction
633 23.2 Human-Body-Wearable Antennas
634 23.3 Carbon-Nanotube-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
656 23.4 Graphene-Based Ammonia Detection for Medical Diagnosis
670 23.5 Integrated Wireless Modules
679 23.6 Conclusion
685 References
686 INDEX 691