A valuable handbook containing reviews, practical methods and standard operating procedures. _ A valuable and practical working handbook containing introductory and specialist content that tackles a major and growing field of environmental, microbiological and ecotoxicological monitoring and analysis _ Includes introductory reviews, practical analytical chapters and a comprehensive listing of almost thirty Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) _ For use in the laboratory, in academic and government institutions and industrial settings
A valuable handbook containing reviews, practical methods and standard operating procedures. _ A valuable and practical working handbook containing introductory and specialist content that tackles a major and growing field of environmental, microbiological and ecotoxicological monitoring and analysis _ Includes introductory reviews, practical analytical chapters and a comprehensive listing of almost thirty Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) _ For use in the laboratory, in academic and government institutions and industrial settingsHinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Dr Jussi Meriluoto, Department of Biosciences / Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland Jussi Meriluoto, PhD, MTheol, is a biochemist of Finnish origin. He has been working in the field of toxic cyanobacteria since the 1980s. The main line of his research deals with instrumental analyses of cyanotoxins and biomarkers in various matrices. He has applied this expertise in the context of environmental and bioaccumulation studies, ecotoxicology, toxinology, drinking water treatment and toxin degradation. He also has an interest in terrestrial cyanobacteria and probiotic bacteria. He is leading Working Group 1 Occurrence of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in CYANOCOST, the COST Action responsible for the development of the Handbook. An important incentive in his work is the principle of inclusiveness and the desire to exchange technical and managemental know-how with new actors entering the cyanotoxin field. Dr Lisa Spoof, Department of Biosciences / Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland Lisa Spoof, PhD, is a Finnish biochemist. She is a specialist on chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of cyanotoxins. She has carried out research on analysis, isolation and characterization of bioactive peptides (microcystins, nodularins, anabaenopeptins) in freshwater and brackish-water cyanobacteria since the 1990s. Her personal experience in laboratory work also includes research on cylindrospermopsin and cyanobacterial neurotoxins, and this strong hands-on experience has been useful for the editorial work concerning the practical chapters in this Handbook. Professor Geoffrey A. Codd, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, UK, and, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK Geoffrey Codd, PhD, FRSE, is a microbiologist and has carried out research on the biochemistry and ecotoxicology of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. His research has included the molecular and organismal modes of action of microcystins, development of physico-chemical and antibody-based methods for cyanotoxin analysis and the investigation of waterborne, cyanotoxin-associated human and animal health incidents. Professor Codd is a past President of the British Phycological Society and the Federation of European Phycological Societies and has served on working parties and committees for the assessment and risk management of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins at national (UK, Australia, USA) and international level (EU, WHO, UNESCO).
Inhaltsangabe
List of Contributors xvii
Preface xxvi
Acknowledgements xxviii
Section I Introduction 1
1 Introduction: Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, Their Human Impact, and Risk Management 3 Geoffrey A. Codd, Jussi Meriluoto, and James S. Metcalf
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Cyanotoxins 4
1.3 Exposure Routes, Exposure Media, and At-Risk Human Activities 6
1.4 Cyanobacterial Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Relation to Human Pressures on Water Resources and Climate Change 7
1.5 Aims of the Handbook 7
References 8
Section II Cyanobacteria 9
2 Ecology of Cyanobacteria 11 Jean-François Humbert and Jutta Fastner
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Environmental Conditions Leading to Cyanobacterial Blooms 12
2.3 Population Dynamics of Cyanobacteria 13
2.4 Spatial Distribution of Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Ecosystems 15
2.5 Ecology of the Production of Toxins by Cyanobacteria 16
2.6 General Conclusions 17
References 17
3 Picocyanobacteria: The Smallest Cell-Size Cyanobacteria 19 Iwona Jasser and Cristiana Callieri
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Records of Toxic Picocyanobacteria 21
3.3 Summary 25
References 26
4 Expansion of Alien and Invasive Cyanobacteria 28 MikoBaj KokociDski, Reyhan Akçaalan, Nico Salmaso, Maya Petrova Stoyneva-Gärtner, and Assaf Sukenik
4.1 Introduction 28
4.2 Definition of Invasive/Alien Species: Nomenclature Problems 29
4.2.1 Invasive Species Concept in Cyanobacteria 29
4.3 Occurrence of Invasive and Alien Cyanobacteria 31
4.4 Factors Enhancing the Expansion of Alien Cyanobacteria 33
4.5 Impact of Cyanobacterial Invasion on Ecosystem 34
References 36
Section III Sampling, Monitoring and Risk Management 41
5 Health and Safety During Sampling and in the Laboratory 43 Roberta Congestri, James S. Metcalf , Luca Lucentini, and Federica Nigro Di Gregorio
5.1 Introduction 43
5.2 Sampling Safety 43
5.3 Laboratory Safety 44
5.4 Cyanotoxin Production and Application 45
5.5 Contamination due to Equipment, Glassware, and Accidents 45
References 45
6 Basic Guide to Detection and Monitoring of Potentially Toxic Cyanobacteria 46 Nico Salmaso, Cécile Bernard , Jean-François Humbert, Reyhan Akçaalan, Meriç Albay, Andreas Ballot , Arnaud Catherine, Jutta Fastner , Kerstin Häggqvist, Mária Horecká, Katarzyna Izydorczyk, Latife Köker , JiYí Komárek, Selma Maloufi, Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek, James S. Metcalf , Antonio Quesada, Catherine Quiblier , and Claude Yéprémian
6.1 Introduction 47
6.2 Monitoring of Cyanobacteria: Sampling Strategies 48
6.3 Cyanobacterial Identification and Quantification 55
7 Case Studies of Environmental Sampling, Detection, and Monitoring of Potentially Toxic Cyanobacteria 70 Kerstin Häggqvist, Reyhan Akçaalan, Isidora Echenique-Subiabre, Jutta Fastner , Mária Horecká, Jean-François Humbert, Katarzyna Izydorczyk, Tomasz Jurczak, MikoBaj KokociDski, Tore Lindholm, Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek, Antonio Quesada, Catherine Quiblier, and Nico Salmaso
7.1 Introduction 71
7.2 Shallow Lakes 71
7.3 Deep Lakes 74
7.4 Reservoirs 75
7.5 Rivers 77
7.6 The Baltic Sea 78
7.7 Waterbodies Used for Drinking Water Production 79
References 81
8 New Tools for the Monitoring of Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Ecosystems 84 Jean-François Hu
1 Introduction: Cyanobacteria, Cyanotoxins, Their Human Impact, and Risk Management 3 Geoffrey A. Codd, Jussi Meriluoto, and James S. Metcalf
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Cyanotoxins 4
1.3 Exposure Routes, Exposure Media, and At-Risk Human Activities 6
1.4 Cyanobacterial Blooms and Cyanotoxins in Relation to Human Pressures on Water Resources and Climate Change 7
1.5 Aims of the Handbook 7
References 8
Section II Cyanobacteria 9
2 Ecology of Cyanobacteria 11 Jean-François Humbert and Jutta Fastner
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Environmental Conditions Leading to Cyanobacterial Blooms 12
2.3 Population Dynamics of Cyanobacteria 13
2.4 Spatial Distribution of Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Ecosystems 15
2.5 Ecology of the Production of Toxins by Cyanobacteria 16
2.6 General Conclusions 17
References 17
3 Picocyanobacteria: The Smallest Cell-Size Cyanobacteria 19 Iwona Jasser and Cristiana Callieri
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Records of Toxic Picocyanobacteria 21
3.3 Summary 25
References 26
4 Expansion of Alien and Invasive Cyanobacteria 28 MikoBaj KokociDski, Reyhan Akçaalan, Nico Salmaso, Maya Petrova Stoyneva-Gärtner, and Assaf Sukenik
4.1 Introduction 28
4.2 Definition of Invasive/Alien Species: Nomenclature Problems 29
4.2.1 Invasive Species Concept in Cyanobacteria 29
4.3 Occurrence of Invasive and Alien Cyanobacteria 31
4.4 Factors Enhancing the Expansion of Alien Cyanobacteria 33
4.5 Impact of Cyanobacterial Invasion on Ecosystem 34
References 36
Section III Sampling, Monitoring and Risk Management 41
5 Health and Safety During Sampling and in the Laboratory 43 Roberta Congestri, James S. Metcalf , Luca Lucentini, and Federica Nigro Di Gregorio
5.1 Introduction 43
5.2 Sampling Safety 43
5.3 Laboratory Safety 44
5.4 Cyanotoxin Production and Application 45
5.5 Contamination due to Equipment, Glassware, and Accidents 45
References 45
6 Basic Guide to Detection and Monitoring of Potentially Toxic Cyanobacteria 46 Nico Salmaso, Cécile Bernard , Jean-François Humbert, Reyhan Akçaalan, Meriç Albay, Andreas Ballot , Arnaud Catherine, Jutta Fastner , Kerstin Häggqvist, Mária Horecká, Katarzyna Izydorczyk, Latife Köker , JiYí Komárek, Selma Maloufi, Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek, James S. Metcalf , Antonio Quesada, Catherine Quiblier , and Claude Yéprémian
6.1 Introduction 47
6.2 Monitoring of Cyanobacteria: Sampling Strategies 48
6.3 Cyanobacterial Identification and Quantification 55
7 Case Studies of Environmental Sampling, Detection, and Monitoring of Potentially Toxic Cyanobacteria 70 Kerstin Häggqvist, Reyhan Akçaalan, Isidora Echenique-Subiabre, Jutta Fastner , Mária Horecká, Jean-François Humbert, Katarzyna Izydorczyk, Tomasz Jurczak, MikoBaj KokociDski, Tore Lindholm, Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek, Antonio Quesada, Catherine Quiblier, and Nico Salmaso
7.1 Introduction 71
7.2 Shallow Lakes 71
7.3 Deep Lakes 74
7.4 Reservoirs 75
7.5 Rivers 77
7.6 The Baltic Sea 78
7.7 Waterbodies Used for Drinking Water Production 79
References 81
8 New Tools for the Monitoring of Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Ecosystems 84 Jean-François Hu
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