K. H. Wedepohl

Handbook of Geochemistry

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

Geochemistry is concerned with the laws governing the distribution of the chemical elements and their isotopes throughout the Earth. As a concept it has been recognized for 130 years but it has grown into a separate Earth science during this century. Geochemistry has mutual links with many neighbouring disciplines. Its present field of activity is determined by many problems of broad interest and by the availability of methods. Several exterior influences have recently developed. Thus, nuclear physics and its specific measuring techniques made isotope geochem istry possible, while space research has stimulated the development of cosmochem istry. Except a few "standard" materials as Gland W 1 there is no other rock on earth whose composition is as well known as that of meteorites colliding with our planet on their cosmic course. Biochemistry is linked with the rapidly developing new branch of organic geochemistry. Our discipline has moved forward in step with the advancement of analytical chemistry. When optical and X-ray spectrochemical analysis came into use and with the discovery of natural and artificial radio-activity, many new elements were identified. With the development of spectrophotometers, radiation counters and nuclear sources over the last 20 years, a flood of analytical data on geological sub jects has been released, and we ought to make use of it.

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Produktdetails

• Handbook of Geochemistry .1
• Verlag: Springer, Berlin
• 1969
• Seitenzahl: 464
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. März 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 244mm x 170mm x 25mm
• Gewicht: 793g
• ISBN-13: 9783642463020
• ISBN-10: 3642463029
• Artikelnr.: 36119534

Inhaltsangabe

1 The Discovery of the Chemical Elements. The History of Geochemistry. Definitions of Geochemistry.- I. The Discovery of the Chemical Elements.- II. The History of Geochemistry.- III. Definitions of Geochemistry.- References.- 2 Crystal Chemistry.- References.- 3 Thermodynamics Used in Geochemistry.- Symbols.- References.- 4 Meteorite Composition.- I. Introduction.- II. Meteorite Classification.- III. Chemical Composition of Meteorites.- IV. Mineralogical Composition of Meteorites.- References.- 5 Cosmic Abundances.- I. Introduction.- II. Cosmic Abundances.- III. The Bulk Composition of the Earth.- IV. Other Applications of Cosmic Abundances.- References.- 6 Geophysical Aspects of Structure and Composition of the Earth and the Earth Crust.- Principal Subdivision of the Earth's Interior.- Symbols.- References.- 7 Composition and Abundance of Common Igeneous Rocks.- I. Nomenclature of Igneous (Magmatic) Rocks.- II. Chemical Composition of Common Igneous Rocks.- III. Rock Nomenclature and Current Trends in Igneous Petrology.- IV. Abundance of Common Intrusive Rocks.- V. Abundance of Common Volcanic Rocks.- VI. Average Composition of the Upper Continental Earth's Crust.- References.- 8 Composition and Abundance of Common Sedimentary Rocks.- I. Nomenclature of Sedimentary Rocks.- II. Average Composition of Common Sedimentary Rocks.- III. Rock Nomenclature and Current Trends in Sedimentary Petrology.- IV. Abundance of Common Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks.- References.- 9 Composition and Abundance of Common Metamorphic Rock Types.- I. General Trends in Metamorphism.- II. Isochemical Series of Metamorphism.- III. Allochemical Series of Metamorphism (Metasomatism).- IV. Contact Metamorphism.- V. Migmatites, Anatexis, Granitization.- References.- 10 The Oceans, Streams, andAtmosphere.- I. The Oceans.- II. Streams.- III. The Atmosphere.- References.- 11 Evaluation of Data.- I. Analytical Errors and Related Topics in Geochemistry.- II. Statistical Procedures.- III. Interpretation of Chemical Analysis of Silicates.- References.- 12 Tables.- 1. Physical Constants.- 2. Periodic System.- 3. Table of Relative Atomic Weights.- 4. Table of Isotopic Abundance and Relative Atomic Weights.- 5. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Elements.- 6. Electronic Configuration of the Elements in Their Normal States.- 7. The Effective Radii of Atoms.- 8. Table of the Effective Radii of Ions.- 9. Ionization Potentials for Elements in the Atomic State.- 10. Electronegativity Values.- 11. Molar Volumes and Densities of Minerals.- 12. The Theoretical Composition of Some Silicate Minerals in Cation Percentage.- 13. The Theoretical Composition of Some Silicate Minerals in Weight Percentage.- 14. The Theoretical Composition of Some Non-silicate Minerals in Weight Percentage.- 15. The Theoretical Composition of Some Ore Minerals in Weight Percentage.- 16. Astronomical Constants.- 17. Solar Dimensions.- 18. Dimensions of the Planets and the Moon.- 19. Earth's Dimensions.- 20. Earth's Interior, Masses and Dimensions of the Principle Subdivisions.- 21. The Surface Areas of the Earth.- 22. Geological Time-scales.- 23. Measures, Units and Conversion Factors.- References.- Author Index.