Meta-analysis is the application of statistics to combine results from multiple studies and draw appropriate inferences. Its use and importance have exploded over the last 25 years as the need for a robust evidence base has become clear in many scientific areas, including medicine and health, social sciences, education, psychology, ecology, and economics.
Recent years have seen an explosion of methods for handling complexities in meta-analysis, including explained and unexplained heterogeneity between studies, publication bias, and sparse data. At the same time, meta-analysis has been extended beyond simple two-group comparisons of continuous and binary outcomes to comparing and ranking the outcomes from multiple groups, to complex observational studies, to assessing heterogeneity of effects, and to survival and multivariate outcomes. Many of these methods are statistically complex and are tailored to specific types of data.
Key features
Rigorous coverage of the full range of current statistical methodology used in meta-analysisComprehensive, coherent, and unified overview of the statistical foundations behind meta-analysisDetailed description of the primary methods for both univariate and multivariate dataComputer code to reproduce examples in chaptersThorough review of the literature with thousands of referencesApplications to specific types of biomedical and social science dataSupplementary website with code, data, sample chapters, and errata
This book is for a broad audience of graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in the theory and application of statistical methods for meta-analysis. It is written at the level of graduate courses in statistics, but will be of interest to and readable for quantitative scientists from a range of disciplines. The book can be used as a graduate level textbook, as a general reference for methods, or as an introduction to specialized topics using state-of-the art methods.
Recent years have seen an explosion of methods for handling complexities in meta-analysis, including explained and unexplained heterogeneity between studies, publication bias, and sparse data. At the same time, meta-analysis has been extended beyond simple two-group comparisons of continuous and binary outcomes to comparing and ranking the outcomes from multiple groups, to complex observational studies, to assessing heterogeneity of effects, and to survival and multivariate outcomes. Many of these methods are statistically complex and are tailored to specific types of data.
Key features
Rigorous coverage of the full range of current statistical methodology used in meta-analysisComprehensive, coherent, and unified overview of the statistical foundations behind meta-analysisDetailed description of the primary methods for both univariate and multivariate dataComputer code to reproduce examples in chaptersThorough review of the literature with thousands of referencesApplications to specific types of biomedical and social science dataSupplementary website with code, data, sample chapters, and errata
This book is for a broad audience of graduate students, researchers, and practitioners interested in the theory and application of statistical methods for meta-analysis. It is written at the level of graduate courses in statistics, but will be of interest to and readable for quantitative scientists from a range of disciplines. The book can be used as a graduate level textbook, as a general reference for methods, or as an introduction to specialized topics using state-of-the art methods.
"Handbook of Meta-Analysis is a most laudable and detailed treatise on meta-analysis. It successfully covers - with gusto and substance - the full range of statistical methodology used in meta-analysis in a statistically rigorous and up-to-date manner, exuding a good balance of theory and applications (with real data and software syntax provided). It provides a comprehensive, coherent, and unified overview of the statistical foundations behind meta-analysis. Crafted by experts on the topic, each chapter is written with lucidity and surgical precision. It is elegantly organized, encyclopedic in breadth and depth, and fluent in exposition on the multidimensional role of meta-analysis: core material (background, systematic review process, data extraction, study-level results, frequent and Bayesian approaches); key extensions (meta-regression, individual data, multivariate meta-analysis, network meta-analysis, model checking, bias); and advances in particular fields of biomedical and social research (control risk regression, survival data, correlation matrices, genetic data, dose-response relationships, diagnostic tests, surrogate endpoints, complex observational data, prognostic models). It is a tour de force, a premier, and an indispensable reference that is highly recommended - and a must for serious researchers and practitioners engaged in meta-analysis. This state-of-the-science handbook is destined to be a classic."
- Joseph C. Cappelleri, PhD, MPH, MS, Executive Director of Biostatistics, Pfizer Inc
"For many researchers in social, medical, life and environmental sciences, it has become an essential part of their activities to synthesize evidence from the body of relevant research. The Handbook of Meta-analysis provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the quantitative part of evidence synthesis, i.e., meta-analysis. Therefore, this handbook is a must-have for all researchers who wish to unlock and understand the power and potential of meta-analysis, but also for those who have already found and benefited from it. The authors of this edited volume are an interdisciplinary all-star team of statisticians and methodologists; probably, each of them could have written a textbook on meta-analysis. Here, they introduce both basics and advanced techniques that they have been leading to develop over their career. For many statisticians, a meta-analysis may be just one type of linear models (Chapters 1-11), yet, as this book demonstrates, meta-analyses can come in diverse forms and serve different purposes (see Chapters 14-22). Further, there are specific statistical issues meta-analysis needs to grapple with, such as publication bias (Chapters 12-13). The book ends with a chapter on how to use meta-analysis to plan our future work (Chapter 23) - what all scientists should be doing to reduce research waste and to accelerate scientific progress."
- Shinichi Nakagawa, Professor of Evolutionary Biology and Synthesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
"This is an important book on an important subject, covering both theory and application, and it should be valuable to a wide range of readers in statistics and applied fields."
- Andrew Gelman, Columbia University
"...The Handbook of Meta-Analyses is a "must have" resource for: 1) statisticians, other professionals, and students conducting statistical research in meta-analysis; 2) practitioners conducting meta-analyses as part of systematic reviews or otherwise; and 3) educators and students who want to either start, or continue, to learn more about meta-analysis. The breadth and depth of up-to-date coverage of meta-analysis methods, wide range of areas of application, and examples, including online software code and data, is impressive. The contents are weighted towards frequentist strategies, but Bayesian strategies are highlighted in the core materials and revisited elsewhere. The Handbook is a pleasure to read. The editors and other co-authors guide the reader in a cohesive, unified fashion, from the foundational core material through increasingly sophisticated and wider ranging methods and applications. Their tone is conversational, with forwards-and-backwards sign-posting which integrates the contents in a tutorial-like fashion. Statistical notation is used with purpose, without excess, while maintaining statistical rigor in content. An abundance of graphs, figures, and tables reinforce the statistical concepts and methods, and visualize the examples. Both novice and more experienced readers will benefit...The Handbook of Meta-Analysis is a significant contribution which provides a palpable opportunity to improve future decision-making and policy setting."
- Thomas Bradstreet, Appeared in the Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics
- Joseph C. Cappelleri, PhD, MPH, MS, Executive Director of Biostatistics, Pfizer Inc
"For many researchers in social, medical, life and environmental sciences, it has become an essential part of their activities to synthesize evidence from the body of relevant research. The Handbook of Meta-analysis provides the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the quantitative part of evidence synthesis, i.e., meta-analysis. Therefore, this handbook is a must-have for all researchers who wish to unlock and understand the power and potential of meta-analysis, but also for those who have already found and benefited from it. The authors of this edited volume are an interdisciplinary all-star team of statisticians and methodologists; probably, each of them could have written a textbook on meta-analysis. Here, they introduce both basics and advanced techniques that they have been leading to develop over their career. For many statisticians, a meta-analysis may be just one type of linear models (Chapters 1-11), yet, as this book demonstrates, meta-analyses can come in diverse forms and serve different purposes (see Chapters 14-22). Further, there are specific statistical issues meta-analysis needs to grapple with, such as publication bias (Chapters 12-13). The book ends with a chapter on how to use meta-analysis to plan our future work (Chapter 23) - what all scientists should be doing to reduce research waste and to accelerate scientific progress."
- Shinichi Nakagawa, Professor of Evolutionary Biology and Synthesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
"This is an important book on an important subject, covering both theory and application, and it should be valuable to a wide range of readers in statistics and applied fields."
- Andrew Gelman, Columbia University
"...The Handbook of Meta-Analyses is a "must have" resource for: 1) statisticians, other professionals, and students conducting statistical research in meta-analysis; 2) practitioners conducting meta-analyses as part of systematic reviews or otherwise; and 3) educators and students who want to either start, or continue, to learn more about meta-analysis. The breadth and depth of up-to-date coverage of meta-analysis methods, wide range of areas of application, and examples, including online software code and data, is impressive. The contents are weighted towards frequentist strategies, but Bayesian strategies are highlighted in the core materials and revisited elsewhere. The Handbook is a pleasure to read. The editors and other co-authors guide the reader in a cohesive, unified fashion, from the foundational core material through increasingly sophisticated and wider ranging methods and applications. Their tone is conversational, with forwards-and-backwards sign-posting which integrates the contents in a tutorial-like fashion. Statistical notation is used with purpose, without excess, while maintaining statistical rigor in content. An abundance of graphs, figures, and tables reinforce the statistical concepts and methods, and visualize the examples. Both novice and more experienced readers will benefit...The Handbook of Meta-Analysis is a significant contribution which provides a palpable opportunity to improve future decision-making and policy setting."
- Thomas Bradstreet, Appeared in the Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics