Headache is the most frequent functional sign in neurology. It is a pathology that can significantly affect the quality of life and psychosocial functioning. The etiologies of headache are multiple, but the role of uncorrected refractive errors (or ametropia) remains controversial. The International Headache Society (IHS) has defined criteria for headaches due to refractive errors. These are mainly headaches of mild intensity, involving the frontal region, worsening with prolonged visual activity and often associated with hypermetropia or astigmatism. The ophthalmological examination is therefore an essential part of the etiological assessment of headaches. In this book, we have studied the characteristics of headaches during ametropia, their risk factors and their impact on the quality of life of patients.