"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Hippocrates. It has been known, and for ages now, that eating the right foods in the correct amounts, is the main ingredient to a healthy life. This book provides a factual review on the current state of knowledge on the health effects of some commonly consumed agricultural commodities and their different components, such as rice, oat, barley, flaxseed (or linseed) and peanut (or groundnut). While some of these foods have well-established health benefits, others are still under investigation through human intervention studies. This book presents a summary of all existing peer-reviewed human clinical trials on these commodities.