The transmission of knowledge related to health/disease has been passed down throughout human history from generation to generation, with the aim of contributing to improving health conditions and broadening people's outlook on life. This book is part of the line of research into the foundations and methodologies of science teaching. The aim of the research is to analyse how health/disease is approached in the science textbook for the initial grades of primary school adopted in schools in the municipality of Jataí-GO in 2014. Ten criteria were defined for analysis: scientific correctness, economic and geographical realities, adequacy to minimum age, environment, depth, proposed activities, forms of proposed activities, eating habits, active lifestyles and reduction of health risks. It was found that the collection analysed approaches health/disease according to the concept of the procedural model, which helps to understand the different methods of disease prevention and control. It is essential that the book proposes situations that generate reflection and contribute to the construction of individual and collective actions that promote quality of life and health.