The emphasis of this book is towards radiation effect on spacecraft equipment for future mission, with the exception of specialist scientific equipment. It is intended that the latter be covered in greater detail, provide a review of the potential space radiation effects to microelectronic, opto-electronic, electrical system, sensors/detectors, materials and astronauts crews in order to identify the highest priority areas for the development of tool in later work packages. In particular, the trends in technology and space mission requirement are examined and the gaps in our current understanding of radiation effects to address future systems identified. Priority is assigned to identify those components and systems where there is least understanding of and ability to predict potential effects, and high relevance to future space missions.