Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is widespread throughout the world. This bacterium colonizes the human stomach. Although H. pylori gastritis is often asymptomatic, it can be responsible for several clinical manifestations, the most serious of which is gastric cancer. Therefore, its detection is essential in certain situations. There are many ways to diagnose this infection. The treatment is a real challenge and is constantly evolving over time to cope with the problems of bacterial resistance. It is a therapeutic combination of antibiotics and a gastric antisecretory. Whenever possible, resistance-oriented treatment remains the best therapeutic alternative. Failing that, four-therapy remains the reference probabilistic treatment until new antibacterial molecules are available.