In this book, two new methods are described and supported by extensive experimental results that measure the amounts of a sulfur-donor thiuram accelerator and a sulfenamide thiazole accelerator needed to provide monomolecular coverage of zinc oxide. These methods use zinc oxide with only one accelerator and no stearic acid to produce two single additives, that can efficiently cure rubber, despite using fewer chemicals. This is a departure from the past when efficiency in sulfur vulcanization was achieved by using a high volume of these chemicals. A few sulfur-donor accelerators that exist…mehr
In this book, two new methods are described and supported by extensive experimental results that measure the amounts of a sulfur-donor thiuram accelerator and a sulfenamide thiazole accelerator needed to provide monomolecular coverage of zinc oxide. These methods use zinc oxide with only one accelerator and no stearic acid to produce two single additives, that can efficiently cure rubber, despite using fewer chemicals. This is a departure from the past when efficiency in sulfur vulcanization was achieved by using a high volume of these chemicals. A few sulfur-donor accelerators that exist produce highly toxic nitrosamines during high-temperature mixing and curing. When safer accelerators are on hand to treat the zinc oxide, a suitable single additive will be available to replace the current sulfur cure systems in industrial rubber formulations. This will bring huge benefits to the manufacturers and users of these chemicals. It is preferable to use zinc oxide to determine the precise amount of the accelerator required for a satisfactory cure rather than relying on outdated methods that need to be modified. A software is also developed to help with the selection and management of zinc oxide and the accelerators for the sulfur vulcanization. Green rubber products are within reach.
The author has been living in the U.K. for over 45 years. He was awarded a bachelor's degree and a doctorate in Materials Science from Queen Mary College, the University of London, and a Diploma in Interface Science from Imperial College, the University of London. He worked as a post-doctoral research assistant at Imperial College, London, and the Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge. He was an upper senior research scientist in a rubber research and development centre in Hertfordshire, U.K., and a lecturer in Polymer Engineering in the Materials Department at Loughborough University until he retired as a senior lecturer. He has given lectures, seminars, and workshops in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe, the Middle-East, and Southeast Asia; published over 150 technical research papers in peer-reviewed international scientific journals and technical magazines for the polymer and tire industries and textbooks; and contributed chapters to scientific books. He has been on the editorial boards of rubber and adhesion scientific journals and has been awarded prizes for his scientific publications. He is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy, U.K., and a servant of Jesus Christ.The author has already published 7 books on the Bible, 4 of which have been published by Kingdom Publishers Ltd. UK
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