The increasing capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) have raised questions about how to maximize its benefits while minimizing the risks that it may pose. Similar questions regarding governance have arisen for four technologies in recent decades: nuclear technology, the Internet, encryption products, and genetic engineering. The histories of their governance illustrate three themes: the need for consensus on norms for the technology, important differences in the governance of physical and nonphysical assets, and the role of partnerships between the public and private sectors in governance. These technologies vary in terms of the resources they require to compete in their development, whether their uses are primarily in the public or private sector, the security risks they pose, consensus on these risks, their physical assets that can be controlled, whether they can foster a community of shared interests for governance, and whether public or private governance is best suited for minimizing risks and maximizing benefits.
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