The monograph analyses the history of spiritual education and identifies the leading trends determining the strategy of spiritual education. A comparative analysis of traditional Russian and Western approaches to this issue is made. To conduct a study on the history of the evolution of spiritual education in Western Europe and Russia the following paradigms were identified: pre-Christian paradigm (in the Greek tradition spiritual education was conducted by creating an ideal, and in the Old Testament culture was normative), Christian paradigm (spiritual education ideal-normative), the modern paradigm (spiritual education normative), post-modern paradigm (characterized by a lack of both standards and ideals). The book is addressed to specialists in the philosophy of education, researchers in the field of educational policy, spiritual and moral education.