In the last decades, transnational corporate activities have given rise to serious human rights abuses. In this doctoral thesis, the author provides an exhaustive account of the obstacles preventing the implementation of an effective corporate social responsibility system. The first chapter analyses the mechanisms developed in public international law to introduce corporate regulation. The second chapter explains the inadequacies of both American and European private international law systems to receive victims' claims. Finally, the third chapter elaborates a comparative study of the different national law mechanisms to establish the responsibility of transnational corporations. The present book is addressed to all lawyers and more generally to all readers interested in the question of business and human rights.