Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) increasingly supplies food and non-food values to the rapidly growing West African cities. However, little is known about the resource use efficiencies in West African small-scale UPA crop and livestock production systems, and about the benefits that urban producers and retailers obtain from the cultivation and sale of UPA products. To contribute to filling this gap of knowledge, this book, therefore, provides a detailed analysis of management-based horizontal nutrient flows in differently managed UPA production systems of a typical West African city, and investigated potential health risks for consumers. This analysis shed some light on the sustainability and environmental safety of the urban crop and livestock production systems and should be useful for policy makers, farmers to improve the efficacy of their production system or anyone else who may be interested in issues of environmental and human health.