In How's My Kid Doing? noted educator Thomas R. Guskey has created a practical handbook for parents who have trouble understanding their school-age children's grades, report cards, and test scores. This down-to-earth guide will help parents make sense of school reports and offers a helpful resource that can open communications between parents and teachers.
In How's My Kid Doing? noted educator Thomas R. Guskey has created a practical handbook for parents who have trouble understanding their school-age children's grades, report cards, and test scores. This down-to-earth guide will help parents make sense of school reports and offers a helpful resource that can open communications between parents and teachers.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
Thomas R. Guskey is a professor of Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation at the University of Kentucky. He has taught at all school levels, worked as a school administrator in the Chicago Public Schools, and was the first director of the Center for the Improvement of Teaching and Learning, a national educational research center.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface viii 1. Getting Started 1 What Do We Mean by Grading and Reporting? 1 Are Grading and Reporting Essential? 3 Why Are Educators Changing Their Grading and Reporting Methods? 4 What Are the Purposes of Grading and Reporting? 6 Why Should We Develop a Reporting System? 8 How Do We Develop a Reporting System? 9 How Do We Clarify the Purpose of Each Reporting Tool? 11 Summary 12 2. Perceptions and Responsibilities 13 Parents' Perceptions of Grading and Reporting 13 Parents' Perceptions of Teachers 16 Teachers' Perceptions of Grading and Reporting 17 Sources of Teachers' Grading and Reporting Practices 18 Students' Perceptions of Grading and Reporting 20 The Points-Driven Academic Economy of Classrooms 21 Summary 23 3. Challenges for Teachers in Grading and Reporting 25 Limiting Subjectivity in Grading 25 Balancing Instructional Concerns with Grading Requirements 26 Establishing Grading Criteria: Norm-Referenced Versus Criterion-Referenced Criteria 27 Clarifying Learning Criteria 28 Deciding What Sources of Evidence to Use 31 Relating Evidence to Purpose 38 Summary 39 4. Grading and Reporting Methods 41 Letter Grades 42 Plus and Minus Letter Grades 48 Categorical Grades 50 Percentage Grades 54 Standards-Based Grading 56 Narratives and Comments 63 Summary 68 5. Special Issues in Grading and Reporting 71 Grading on the Curve 71 Selecting Valedictorians 74 Setting Grade Cutoffs 76 Using Weighted Grades 81 Dealing with Grade Inflation 83 Summary 87 6. Developing Better Grading and Reporting Systems 89 The Importance of Purpose 89 The Challenge of Effective Communication 90 Tools for a Comprehensive Reporting System 91 Technology and Grading 106 Summary 111 7. Making Improvements in Grading and Reporting 113 Working with Teachers 113 Working with Children 118 Gradual Change Strategies 124 Conclusion 126 References 127 The Author 135 Index 137
Preface viii 1. Getting Started 1 What Do We Mean by Grading and Reporting? 1 Are Grading and Reporting Essential? 3 Why Are Educators Changing Their Grading and Reporting Methods? 4 What Are the Purposes of Grading and Reporting? 6 Why Should We Develop a Reporting System? 8 How Do We Develop a Reporting System? 9 How Do We Clarify the Purpose of Each Reporting Tool? 11 Summary 12 2. Perceptions and Responsibilities 13 Parents' Perceptions of Grading and Reporting 13 Parents' Perceptions of Teachers 16 Teachers' Perceptions of Grading and Reporting 17 Sources of Teachers' Grading and Reporting Practices 18 Students' Perceptions of Grading and Reporting 20 The Points-Driven Academic Economy of Classrooms 21 Summary 23 3. Challenges for Teachers in Grading and Reporting 25 Limiting Subjectivity in Grading 25 Balancing Instructional Concerns with Grading Requirements 26 Establishing Grading Criteria: Norm-Referenced Versus Criterion-Referenced Criteria 27 Clarifying Learning Criteria 28 Deciding What Sources of Evidence to Use 31 Relating Evidence to Purpose 38 Summary 39 4. Grading and Reporting Methods 41 Letter Grades 42 Plus and Minus Letter Grades 48 Categorical Grades 50 Percentage Grades 54 Standards-Based Grading 56 Narratives and Comments 63 Summary 68 5. Special Issues in Grading and Reporting 71 Grading on the Curve 71 Selecting Valedictorians 74 Setting Grade Cutoffs 76 Using Weighted Grades 81 Dealing with Grade Inflation 83 Summary 87 6. Developing Better Grading and Reporting Systems 89 The Importance of Purpose 89 The Challenge of Effective Communication 90 Tools for a Comprehensive Reporting System 91 Technology and Grading 106 Summary 111 7. Making Improvements in Grading and Reporting 113 Working with Teachers 113 Working with Children 118 Gradual Change Strategies 124 Conclusion 126 References 127 The Author 135 Index 137
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