The monograph systematizes scientific ideas about the essence and evolution of human capital in order to clarify its role in the public service system. The classification of the countries of the world according to the human development index has been compiled and the place of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage has been determined.Countries with a high human development index maximize the opportunities of the population, and the achieved economic indicators ensure well-being, access to resources, knowledge, which contributes to improving the standard and life expectancy of the peoples of these countries. Without a competent, efficient, corruption-free public service, the Government is unable to ensure the socio-economic development of the country and improve the quality of public services.The monograph is addressed to researchers of research institutes, teachers, researchers and university students, as well as chief specialists and managers of production facilities.