Human Development

Herausgeber: Freiberg, Karen L.

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The Annual Editions series is designed to provide convenient, inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from some of the most respected magazines, newspapers, and journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300 periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by prominent scholars, researchers, and commentators writing for a general audience. The Annual Editions volumes have a number of common organizational features designed to make them particularly useful in the classroom: a general introduction; an annotated table of contents; a topic guide; an annotated listing of selected World Wide Web sites; and a brief overview for each section. Each volume also offers an online Instructor's Resource Guide with testing materials. Using Annual Editions in the Classroom is a general guide that provides a number of interesting and functional ideas for using Annual Editions readers in the classroom. Visit www.mhhe.com/annualeditions for more details.

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Produktdetails

• Annual Editions: Human Develop
• Verlag: Dushkin Publishing
• 2010/11
• Seitenzahl: 195
• Erscheinungstermin: März 2010
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 272mm x 208mm x 13mm
• Gewicht: 431g
• ISBN-13: 9780078050626
• ISBN-10: 0078050626
• Artikelnr.: 29922103

Inhaltsangabe

Annual Editions: Human Development 10/11
Preface
Correlation Guide
Topic Guide
Internet References
UNIT 1: Genetic and Prenatal Influences on Development
Unit Overview
Part A. Genetic Influences
1. The Identity Dance, Gunjan Sinha, Psychology Today, March/April 2004
Identical twins are clones with the same genetic profiles. Life
experience, therefore, must matter if identical twins develop unlike
emotions, health problems, and personalities. This article reports
scientific evidence that genes have the equivalent of molecular
"switches" that can be turned on or off by prenatal and postnatal
environmental factors. Several unlike identical twins are described.
2. Seeking Genetic Fate, Patrick Barry, Science News, July 4, 2009,
vol. 176, no. 1
The cost of having small variations in your genes analyzed (over 99% of
all human genes are identical), has dropped precipitously. Several
genomic technology companies now offer to forecast your personal
disease risks. Most health hazards also involve diet, exercise, and
environmental factors. The ethics of predicting complex maladies from
saliva is questionable.
Part B. Prenatal Influences
3. Fat, Carbs and the Science of Conception, Jorge E. Chavarro, Walter
C. Willett, and Patrick J. Skerrett, The Fertility Diet, 2007
Pregnancy is adversely affected by age, disease, stress, and
environmental toxins. New research derived from computer technology
using 32 years of data from Harvard's Nurses' Health Study shows that
nutrition and exercise enhance it. This article explains how to choose
high quality fats and carbs and optimally balance glycemic load.
4. The Mystery of Fetal Life: Secrets of the Womb, John Pekkanen,
Washingtonian, September 2001
Environment affects prenatal development. This article reviews known
dangers (e.g., alcohol and drug use, viral infections) and recently
discovered endocrine disrupters (e.g., chemicals in our air, food, and
water). The author gives advice on exercise, nutrition, and health
maintenance to optimize the physical and cognitive status of the
offspring.
5. Truth and Consequences at Pregnancy High, Alex Morris, New York
Magazine, May 18, 2009
The rate of unmarried teen parenting in the United States is rising,
after a decade of decline. Approximately 60% of adolescent moms drop
out of school and 64% live in a culture of poverty. Most have no health
care, eat junk food, and live dangerously during pregnancy. Response to
an on-line survey showed that 20% of girls in the United States want to
become teen moms. This article describes the negative outcomes for
these women.
UNIT 2: Development during Infancy and Early Childhood
Unit Overview
Part A. Infancy
6. HHS Toned Down Breast-Feeding Ads: Formula Industry Urged Softer
Campaign, Marc Kaufman and Christopher Lee, The Washington Post,
September 10-16, 2007
Solid scientific evidence confirms the benefits of breastfeeding for
human infants. It helps avert ear infections, gastrointestinal
problems, respiratory problems, and is associated with lower rates of
diabetes, leukemia, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and obesity. Despite
the known health and nutritional advantages, breastfeeding is declining
in the United States culture. It falls far below that of other nations.
This article explains one reason for this enigma.
7. Reading Your Baby's Mind, Pat Wingert and Martha Brant, Newsweek,
August 15, 2005
This article reports earlier ages for most infancy milestones than
previously reported, as evidenced by sophisticated brain imaging. The
most intelligent babies are the happy ones. They learn more from loving
caregivers than from TV. Cognition, language, social, and emotional
skills are all enhanced by love and one-on-one attention.
8. Vaccination Nation, Chris Mooney, Discover, June 2009
Parents have been scared by activists claiming (falsely) that vaccines
cause infant autism. Science proves otherwise; this article cites
multiple studies. The ethics of skeptics are dubious. Withholding
vaccines can cause epidemics of largely vanquished diseases. Other
environmental factors which trigger genetic diseases must be explored,
and motivation to vaccinate must increase.
Part B. Early Childhood
9. Long-Term Studies of Preschool: Lasting Benefits Far Outweigh Costs,
Gerald W. Bracey and Arthur Stellar, Phi Delta Kappan, June 2003
This article summarizes three research studies showing the long-lasting
benefits of early childhood education (e.g., higher education, career
success, stable marriage, moral living) for preschool children living
in poverty at the time of intervention. Each of the programs had
extensive parenting involvement and encouraged attachment bonds. The
authors argue that offering high quality, taxpayer-funded preschool
today would greatly benefit U.S. society.
10. How to Help Your Toddler Begin Developing Empathy, Rebecca
Pariakian and Claire Lerner, Zero to Three, July 2009
Personality is socialized as well as inherited. Teaching empathy in
parenting practices during early childhood helps toddlers understand
emotions and develop self-esteem. This article explains how to foster
this complex skill.
11. Easing the Separation Process for Infants, Toddlers, and Families,
Nancy Balaban, Beyond the Journal: Young Children on the Web, November
2006
Strong attachments between children and families foster brain
development and emotional development. This article reviews theories of
attachment and suggests ways to ease the stress of separation. Cultural
views of separation anxiety influence adult responses to shyness. Five
tips are given to create trust when parents and children are apart.
12. Accountability Comes to Preschool: Can We Make It Work for Young
Children?, Deborah Stipek, Phi Delta Kappan, 87, June 2006
The author suggests playful ways to effectively teach numbers and
letters to young children. Early childhood education requires active
interaction; questions and answers that seize teaching moments.
Physical, emotional, and social well-being should be emphasized in
early childhood education, as they directly affect later academic
learning. Positive peer relationships promote better problem-solving
skills in school.
13. "Early Sprouts": Establishing Healthy Food Choices for Young
Children, Karrie A. Kalich, Dottie Bauer, and Deirdre McPartlin, Young
Children, July 2009
Early childhood nutrition practices are decisive for lifelong eating
habits. A positive approach is given-veggies taste great!-rather than
no dessert until veggies are eaten. "Early Sprouts" programs encourage
gardening, sensory exploration, cooking, and family involvement with
healthy foods. Most children in the United States have diets high in
sugar, salt, and fat, and low in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
Education can change this.
UNIT 3: Development during Childhood: Cognition and Schooling
Unit Overview
Part A. Cognition
14. Get Smart, Jamais Cascio, The Atlantic, July/August 2009
This article describes emerging technologies which may create cognitive
enhancers and a genetically altered super-intelligence for humans. An
unauthenticated, apocalyptic Nöocene epoch with a collective
consciousness has been predicted. The author rejects the dogma.
However, he depicts brain changes occurring which can increase memory
and complex thinking and make us smarter.
15. An Educator's Journey toward Multiple Intelligences, Scott Seider,
Edutopia, 2008
Can intelligence be defined as a general ability? The theory of
multiple intelligences (MI), put forth by Howard Gardner, answers NO.
The author describes his appreciation of a poor student's "smartness"
on the athletic field. Gardner's theory focuses on different ways in
which children use cognitive processes (e.g., body-ki nesthetic,
music). Schools are not required to educate for every area of MI.
16. In Defense of Distraction, Sam Anderson, New York Magazine, May 25,
2009
This article is an exposition about the massive amounts of
multitasking, electronic technology interpretation, and distractions
added to our lives by the culture's "Information Age." (An average
adolescent in the United States spends six hours per day online.) While
hyper-focusing programs abound, the author argues that harnessing
distractions may increase brain efficiency for complex cognitive
processing.
17. Informing the ADHD Debate, Aribert Rothenberger and Tobias
Banaschewski, Scientific American, Special Edition, June 2007
Research using imaging technology has shown brain development
(cerebellum, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes) to be different in
children with ADHD. Cognitive glitches and low dopamine contribute to
their weak impulse control and distractibility. Medication plus
behavior therapy improves self-esteem and can reduce drug abuse in
adolescence and adulthood.
Part B. Schooling
18. Ten Big Effects of the No Child Left behind Act on Public Schools,
Jack Jennings and Diane Stark Rentner, Phi Delta Kappan, October 2006
Congress must examine the strengths and weaknesses of the No Child Left
behind Act (NCLB) for reauthorization purposes. Education for grades
3-8 focuses on reading and math (the areas tested) to the exclusion of
social studies. The testing of children with disabilities or language
differences is problematic. The motivation for schools to achieve has
resulted in more highly qualified teachers and improved test scores.
The funding for NCLB, however, is inadequate.
19. Single-Sex Classrooms Are Succeeding, Michael Gurian, Kathy
Stevens, and Peggy Daniels, Educational Horizons, Summer 2009
This essay contends that there are gender differences in learning. The
education experiences of schools with single-sex classes are
illustrated. Testimonials report less stressed, more motivated
students, more peer socialization, and higher self-esteem. Teachers
feel free to be more creative in the same-sex cultural climate.
20. A "Perfect" Case Study: Perfectionism in Academically Talented
Fourth Graders, Jill L. Adelson, Gifted Child Today, vol. 30, no. 4,
Fall 2007
Perfectionism in childhood can be a social, emotional, and health
hazard. A teacher describes five types of perfectionists and presents
suggestions for supporting them in a safe school environment. She
emphasizes concept mastery, which is adventurous, not frustrating. She
recommends learning from mistakes over the faultless product.
UNIT 4: Development during Childhood: Family and Culture
Unit Overview
Part A. Family
21. The Angry Smile, Signe L. Whitson, Going Bonkers Magazine, October
2009
Children learn how to behave in unhelpful passive-aggressive modes from
parents, peers, school personnel, television characters and in cultural
contexts. Passive-aggression is not genetic. It can be changed through
socialization. This article tells how to substitute assertive
expression for passive-aggression.
22. Where Personality Goes Awry, Charlotte Huff, Monitor on Psychology,
March 2004
The nature-nurture debate has favored nature since the explosion of
recent genetic research. This article indicates that family/parenting
factors may contribute to personality disorders (PDs). Children who are
neglected, abused, or who experience trauma, especially sexual trauma,
have high rates of adult PDs. A genetic predisposition plus
environmental stressors interact to create disorders.
23. The Blank Slate, Steven Pinker, Discover, October 2002
The author argues that family socialization and cultural constructs
interact with genetics (talent, temperament) to create unique humans.
It is hypocrisy to credit or blame parenting, schools, peers, or
television for all behaviors. Children have some inherited traits; they
are not blank slates. Social progress can be made by reinforcing good
and controlling bad traits.
Part B. Culture
24. Girls Gone Bad?, Kathleen Deveny and Raina Kelley, Newsweek,
February 12, 2007
A majority of Americans believe Hollywood's bad girls are having a
negative influence on the cultural ethics and morality of children.
Pre-teens look to television and to their peers and friends for
examples of appropriate language, dress, sex appeal, and, sadly, drug
usage. Attentive parenting and strong family values can counterbalance
these powers and socialize more appropriate behaviors.
25. Disrespecting Childhood, Curt Dudley-Marling, Janice Jackson, and
Lisa Patel Stevens, Phi Delta Kappan, June 2006
America claims to be a child-loving culture. The children and
adolescents of other people, however, are believed to be without
motivation, ethics, or morality. Schools use cameras, locker searches,
and urine tests to detect suspected drugs, aggression, and violence.
The belief in youths' misbehaviors creates stress and emotional
upheaval and undermines their self-esteem.
26. Don't Blame the Caveman, Sharon Begley, Newsweek, June 29, 2009
Evolutionary psychologists have proposed that women want men to have
physical status and aggression to protect them. Men want sex and many
offspring from women. Are these gender differences real? If so, are
they the result of genes or cultural socialization? This article
reviews scientific evidence suggesting that human nature is both varied
and flexible.
27. The End of White America?, Hua Hsu, The Atlantic, January/February
2009
By 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau predicts every white child under age 18
will be in a racial minority; the childhood majority being black,
Hispanic, East Asian, and South Asian. What is mainstream culture?
Examples of current items transcending race include technology
(Facebook, MySpace), hip-hop music, sports, Hollywood leading actors,
television, and Barack Obama. Will peers and friends self-identify by
other contexts?
UNIT 5: Development during Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Unit Overview
Part A. Adolescence
28. A Peaceful Adolescence, Barbara Kantrowitz and Karen Springen,
Newsweek, April 25, 2005
This article presents evidence that, despite raging hormones,
adolescents and their families can have a peaceful friendship. A
longitudinal study has identified socialization practices that unite
parents and teens against peer pressures and cultural temptations.
Moral and ethical character are modeled from caring, competent,
connected, and confident adults.
29. Young, Gay, and Murdered, Ramin Setoodeh, Newsweek, July 28, 2008
This story of adolescent violence has implications for all schools in
the United States. The victim was adopted, had reactive attachment
disorder, and was gay. He bullied his straight peers. The slayer was
stressed. His parenting was marked with spousal aggression and drug
abuse. Homosexuality is legal in our culture. What limits must we place
on gender discrimination?
30. Interview with Dr. Craig Anderson: Video Game Violence, Sarah Howe,
Jennifer Stigge, and Brooke Sixta, PSI CHI, Summer 2008
A scientist with ongoing research on video game technology has ample
evidence to support increased aggression in children and adolescents
who play violent video games. Those with high trait aggressiveness are
more influenced to behave with hostility. However, those low in trait
aggressiveness are equally affected. Studies about the effect on brain
development (ADHD, addiction) continue.
31. Jail Time Is Learning Time, Signe Nelson and Lynn Olcott,
Corrections Today, February 2006
The number of adolescents who enter legal courts is approximately the
same as those who enter college each year. Many are incarcerated. This
article describes the education of teenage inmates in cognitive,
career, and stress management skills, and English language proficiency.
More than half of these minors earn their GEDs. Classes also deal with
men's and women's issues, aggression/violence control, drug abuse, and
moral/ethical behaviors.
Part B. Young Adulthood
32. Finding a Job in the 21st Century, John A. Challenger, The
Futurist, September/October 2009, vol. 43, no. 5
The author suggests an educational semester abroad for young adults.
Future careers will require creative candidates who have cultural
flexibility. Technology will allow employees to face their clients
overseas and telecommute home. Over 17 million Americans now work
remotely from their offices. Health care is an industry especially in
need of remote e-learning and computer databases.
33. Hold Me Tight, Sue Johnson, Psychology Today, January/February
2009, vol. 42, no. 1
Sue Johnson defines love as a "secure connection with someone else."
Adults need emotional contact and strong attachment bonds. Loss of
connection creates anxiety and stress disorders. A good marriage, sex,
and creative living are enhanced when partners deliberately hold, hug,
kiss, tenderly touch, and provide care and comfort to each other.
UNIT 6: Development during Middle and Late Adulthood
Unit Overview
Part A. Middle Adulthood
34. Emotions and the Brain: Laughter, Steven Johnson, Discover, April
2003
A primitive part of the human brain, the brainstem, prompts laughter.
Tickling in private or guarded regions (e.g., groin, waist, throat) is
registered in another ancient region, the somatosensory cortex. We
laugh as a form of instinctive social attachment, especially in
childhood. We're often not aware that we're laughing, but our laughter
is contagious and helps bond friendships, marriage, and improve health.
35. 50 Reasons to Love Being 50+, AARP The Magazine, September/October
2008
This article has over 20 vignettes collected by the editors of AARP
Magazine extolling the virtues of late adulthood. The respondents'
messages are reflective of involvement, not retirement. A few of the
many acclaimed advantages of being over 50 are more freedom, power,
tolerance, creativity, and spirituality, as well as more efficient use
of brain power.
36. Are You Ready for Act II?, Paula Ketter, T&D, July 2008
Adults nearing retirement age should plan ahead for a career
transition, not a work withdrawal. The author suggests writing what you
have done for 5 years and what you will do 5 years into retirement. A
clear look at one's personality style aids in decisions about
consulting, mentoring, or volunteer work. Start networking early and
let your supervisor know your goals.
37. Tearing: Breakthrough in Human Emotional Signaling, Robert R.
Provine, Kurt A. Krosnowski, and Nicole W. Brocato, Evolutionary
Psychology, vol. 71, no. 1, January 2009
Shedding tears in adulthood signals the emotion of sadness to
onlookers. Students viewed 200 facial images and estimated sadness on a
7-point scale. On duplicate photos with tears removed sadness was not
seen; rather, awe, concern, or puzzlement. There were no gender
differences. Humans unable to secrete tears (dry eye condition) may
have to verbally explain their sadness to others.
Part B. Late Adulthood
38. Healthy Aging in Later Life, Jill Duba Onedera and Fred Stickle,
The Family Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, January 2008
Two theories of aging are discussed in this article; the activity
theory is advocated. Physical status limits rigorous exercise.
Beneficial retirement activities include volunteer work, continuing
cognitive and creative endeavors from earlier years, and maintaining
ties with family and friends. The Internet and e-mail are technological
aides from our culture that make this easier.
39. More Good Years, Dan Buettner, AARP Bulletin, Setpember/October
2009
The Earth has a few "Blue Zones." These are cultures where many people
reach age 90+ in good health with physical stamina. On the Greek island
of Ikaria, there is no Alzheimer's and little cancer, heart disease, or
diabetes. Aging well is attributed to good nutrition (Mediterranean
diet), exercise, spiritual values, strong family and friendship bonds,
optimistic emotions, and few stressors.
40. Lost and Found, Barbara Basler, AARP Bulletin, September 2005
A research psychologist, Dr. Cameron Camp, has devised several
activities for aged persons with Alzheimer's disease in its late
stages. He has used the methods of the famous educator, Maria
Montessori, emphasizing strengths. He discovers what each person's
basic skills are and tailors activities to those that are meaningful,
and which call on the patient's past. Research shows validity and
reliability to the method, as well as amazing patient response.
41. Life after Death, Bill Newcott, AARP The Magazine, September/
October 2007
Does aging and a closer proximity to death alter one's belief in an
afterlife? What proportion of people over age 50 believe there is a
Heaven? A Hell? Does adherence to any one faith have an effect on the
answers? The author reports his findings on the spiritual beliefs of
over 1,000 older Americans in this article.
42. Navigating Practical Dilemmas in Terminal Care, Helen Sorenson,
Emphysema/COPD: The Journal of Patient-Centered Care, vol. 1, no. 1,
Winter 2004
Our physical status declines more (after adolescence) than it inclines.
Aging is universal, and death is inevitable. Helen Sorenson addresses
the ethics and morality issues of terminal care. Trust and good
communication are essential when preparing advanced care directives.
Each of us have choices to make about our own deaths.
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