Human Development

Herausgeber: Freiberg, Karen L.

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The Annual Editions series is designed to provide convenient, inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from some of the most respected magazines, newspapers, and journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300 periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by prominent scholars, researchers, and commentators writing for a general audience. Annual Editions volumes have a number of organizational features designed to make them especially valuable for classroom use: a general introduction; an annotated table of contents; a topic guide; an annotated listing of supporting World Wide Web sites; Learning Outcomes and a brief overview at the beginning of each unit; and a Critical Thinking section at the end of each article. Each volume also offers an online Instructor's Resource Guide with testing materials. Using Annual Editions in the Classroom is a general guide that provides a number of interesting and functional ideas for using Annual Editions readers in the classroom. Visit www.mhhe.com/annualeditions for more details.

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Produktdetails

• Annual Editions: Human Develop
• Verlag: Dushkin Publishing
• 12/13
• Seitenzahl: 170
• Erscheinungstermin: Februar 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 272mm x 208mm x 13mm
• Gewicht: 363g
• ISBN-13: 9780078051289
• ISBN-10: 0078051282
• Artikelnr.: 34157752

Inhaltsangabe

Annual Editions: Human Development 12/13, Forty-First Edition
Preface
Series
Correlation Guide
Topic Guide
Internet References
Unit 1: Genetic and Prenatal Influences on Development
Unit Overview
Part A. Genetic Influences
1. Your DNA, Decoded, Mark Anderson, Delta Skymagazine, August 2010
This article explains the six billion genes (half from father, half
from mother), made up of base pairs (A, C, G and T), which comprise
each unique human's instruction manual. One's health, emotions, and
personality are influenced by one's genome prenatally. Environmental
factors after birth also affect human functioning.
2. Seeking Genetic Fate, Patrick Barry, Science News, July 4, 2009
The cost of having small variations in your genes analyzed (over 99% of
all human genes are identical), has dropped precipitously. Several
genomic technology companies now offer to forecast your personal
disease risks. Most health hazards also involve diet, exercise, and
environmental factors. The ethics of predicting complex maladies from
saliva are questionable.
Part B. Prenatal Influences
3. The Prematurity Puzzle, Jeneen Interlandi, Newsweek, November 1,
2010
Research scientists are focusing on the placenta (an organ) to learn
why premature infants are more likely to have autism, cerebral palsy,
mental retardation, and other developmental disabilities. Brain
development, physical health, and cognitive abilities are stimulated by
placental hormones over 40 weeks of pregnancy. The role of genes may be
less crucial.
4. Thanks, Dad, The Economist, January 8, 2011
The fact that a woman's prenatal environment has a profound impact on
her children's future has been known for over 70 years. A man's effects
on future offspring is finally coming of age. Infants fathered by
starving male mice produced offspring with genes associated with
obesity (active fat synthesis). A human father's nutrition may also
contribute to his children's weight health.
Unit 2: Development during Infancy and Early Childhood
Unit Overview
Part A. Infancy
5. Keys to Quality Infant Care: Nurturing Every Baby's Life Journey,
Alice Sterling Honig, Young Children, September 2010
Dr. Honig, an expert on infant caregiving, shares 11 keys to enhancing
baby's brain development, physical status, language skills, emotional
regulation, and social abilities. She explains different infant
temperaments and advises on how parents and teachers can shape
behaviors to accommodate personalities.
6. Vaccination Nation, Chris Mooney, Discover, June 2009
Parents have been scared by activists claiming (falsely) that vaccines
cause infant autism. Science proves otherwise; this article cites
multiple studies. The ethics of skeptics are dubious. Withholding
vaccines can cause epidemics of largely vanquished diseases. Other
environmental factors which trigger genetic diseases must be explored,
and motivation to vaccinate must increase.
Part B. Early Childhood
7. How to Help Your Toddler Begin Developing Empathy, Rebecca Pariakian
and Claire Lerner, Zero to Three, July 2009
Personality is socialized as well as inherited. Teaching empathy in
parenting practices during early childhood helps toddlers understand
emotions and develop self-esteem. This article explains how to foster
this complex skill.
8. Five Skills Kids Need before They Read, Peg Tyre, Instructor, August
2009
No Child Left Behind legislation and high stakes testing ended many
self-esteem programs in education. Emotional curriculum is now
returning. Stressors from culture and families inhibit children's brain
development. Reading proficiency rises and discipline problems plummet
when kids learn social skills.
9. Little by Little, Laura Beil, Science News, September 12, 2009
Food allergies are 20% more frequent than 10 years ago. Scientists
believe infants and young children raised in antiseptic cultures may
have immature immunity. Parents may promote health and nutrition by
introducing small portions of allergy-prone foods earlier. Other new
strategies for reducing food allergies are discussed as well.
10. Ten Tips for Involving Families through Internet-Based
Communication, Sascha Mitchell, Teresa S. Foulger, and Keith Wetzel,
Young Children, September 2009
Early childhood education can be greatly enhanced with family-school
partnerships. The authors suggest 10 ways in which parents and teachers
can work together to teach young children. Technology is required so
inexpensive ways to access computers are given. Ways to overcome
language differences are also addressed.
11. "Early Sprouts": Establishing Healthy Food Choices for Young
Children, Karrie A. Kalich, Dottie Bauer, and Deirdre McPartlin, Young
Children, July 2009
Early childhood nutrition practices are decisive for lifelong eating
habits. A positive approach is given-veggies taste great!-rather than
no dessert until veggies are eaten. "Early Sprouts" programs encourage
gardening, sensory exploration, cooking, and family involvement with
healthy foods. Most children in the United States have diets high in
sugar, salt, and fat, and low in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
Education can change this.
Unit 3: Development during Childhood: Cognition and Schooling
Unit Overview
Part A. Cognition
12. An Educator's Journey toward Multiple Intelligences, Scott Seider,
Edutopia, 2008
Can intelligence be defined as a general ability? The theory of
multiple intelligences (MI), put forth by Howard Gardner, answers NO.
The author describes his appreciation of a poor student's "smartness"
on the athletic field. Gardner's theory focuses on different ways in
which children use cognitive processes (e.g., body-kinesthetic, music).
Schools are not required to educate for every area of MI.
13. In Defense of Distraction, Sam Anderson, New York, May 25, 2009
This article is an exposition about the massive amounts of
multitasking, electronic technology interpretation, and distractions
that have been added to our lives by the culture's "Information Age."
(An average adolescent in the United States spends six hours per day
online.) While hyper-focusing programs abound, the author argues that
harnessing distractions may increase brain efficiency for complex
cognitive processing.
Part B. Schooling
14. What Really Motivates Kids, Dana Truby, Instructor,
January/February 2010
Children and adolescents are motivated by self-chosen, relevant,
cognitive problems. Educators too often praise high test scores.
Intelligence grows through experimenting, creativity, and persistence.
Students from schools that engage them in complex tasks often score
better on standardized tests.
15. The Truth about Kids and Money, Peg Tyre, Instructor, September/
October 2009
Many states require some financial education for adolescents. Parents
should talk to children about money earlier and often. The stress of
the recession, with lost jobs, foreclosures, and bankruptcy forces this
issue. Instruction on careers, income, credit, and savings should be an
essential part of schooling.
16. What I've Learned, Michelle Rhee, Newsweek, December 13, 2010
School reform is difficult. It involves culture change. This article
describes the struggles to improve education in Washington, D.C.
between 2007 and 2010. The children in more than 20 nations surpass
children in the United States in science, reading, and math. There is
no large lobby to promote students' best interests. The author presents
several suggestions for putting "students first."
17. From Lockers to Lockup, Jessica Bennett, Newsweek, October 11, 2010
Can children and adolescents be bullied to death? Technology allows
peer cyber bullying to an extent never experienced before. Should
schools expel students who are vigilantes online? Is it a crime? Will
the perpetrator be emotionally harmed by the suicide of his/her victim?
Can digital violence ever be cu rtailed?
Unit 4: Development during Childhood: Family and Culture
Unit Overview
Part A. Family
18. Role Reversal, Sara Eckel, Waking Mother, February/March 2010
The stress of the recession with career losses is changing family life.
Men do more cleaning and caring for children. Over one-half of employed
workers in the United States are women. Problems of bruised egos and
low self-esteem occur with gender role-reversals. Some emotions, such
as empathy, make marriage easier.
19. The Angry Smile, Signe L. Whitson, Going Bonkers Magazine, October
2009
Children learn how to behave in unhelpful passive-aggressive modes from
parents, peers, school personnel, television characters, and in
cultural contexts. Passive-aggression is not genetic. It can be changed
through socialization. This article tells how to substitute assertive
expression for passive-aggression.
20. Fast Times, Deborah Swaney, Family Circle, November 29, 2008
The culture of pre-teens is becoming one of sexualization over
socialization. Friends' language (be "hot," "shake your booty") often
trumps family values. Rather than exercise (sports, play) to see what
one's body can do, children experiment with sensuous appearances. The
author suggests ways to raise self-esteem without precocious sexuality.
Part B. Culture
21. Engaging Young Children in Activities and Conversations about Race
and Social Class, Rebekka Lee, Patricia G. Ramsey, and Barbara Sweeney,
Young Children, November 2008
The United States has one of the most diverse populations in the world.
Education about race and social class through positive activities (art,
role-play, games, books) can reduce biases. Conversations, and language
used, are vital to influencing attitudes. It is valuable to socialize
children to adopt cross-race and cross-social class friendships.
22. Use the Science of What Works to Change the Odds for Children at
Risk, Susan B. Neuman, Phi Delta Kappan, April 2009
Research documents that intelligence is not all genetic; it grows with
targeting language and motivation in cultures of poverty. Education of
single-parents in their homes which focuses on child-caregiver
activities increases both cognitive and social-emotional development.
Early intervention can break the cycle of disadvantage.
23. Culture of Corpulence, Claudia Kalb, Newsweek, March 22, 2010
Obesity is rampant in our culture. One of First Lady Michelle Obama's
causes is to give children more nutrition in school lunches. Unhealthy
fast foods, used regularly by working families, contribute to problems
with diabetes, hypertension, and early heart disease. Parents often
allow sedentary technology (TV, video games, computers) to replace
exercise. Obesity hampers self-esteem.
Unit 5: Development during Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Unit Overview
Part A. Adolescence
24. Foresight Conquers Fear of the Future, Edward Cornish, The
Futurist, January-February 2010
Adolescents are experiencing rapid changes in socialization. They fear
a future with widespread aggression, drug abuse, and moral/ethical
decline. Do they have "future phobia"? The author reports that trend
analysts have predicted future outcomes. Young adults who have
foresight and creativity will choose careers and lifestyles that
embrace technology's advances.
25. Interview with Dr. Craig Anderson: Video Game Violence, Sarah Howe,
Jennifer Stigge, and Brooke Sixta, Eye on Psi Chi, Summer 2008
A scientist with ongoing research on video game technology has ample
evidence to support increased aggression in children and adolescents
who play violent video games. Those with high trait aggressiveness are
more influenced to behave with hostility. However, those low in trait
aggressiveness are equally affected. Studies about the effect on brain
development (ADHD, drug addiction) continue.
26. Offsetting Risks: High School Gay-Straight Alliances and Lesbian,
Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Youth, Nicholas C. Heck, Annesa
Flentje, and Bryan N. Cochran, School Psychology Quarterly, 2011
Compared with their peers, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
(LGBT) adolescents are at risk for drug abuse, mental health problems,
verbal and physical violence, and family stress. This research
describes how school gay-straight alliances (GSAs) can offset risks.
School psychologists can both advocate for GSAs and work with parents
toward acceptance of their children.
27. Portrait of a Hunger Artist, Emily Troscianko, Psychology Today,
March/April 2010
The author uncovers the truths behind the malnutrition experienced by
an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. Her genetics and family stress
contributed to her health problems. Food became her best friend, as
well as her obsession. Her emotions (envy, resentment, scorn) were
triggered by weight-consciousness. Her recovery was dramatic.
28. 53.1% of You Already Know What This Story's About. Or Do You? Dan
Kois, New York, March 7, 2011
This article describes Daryl Bem, a research psychologist who enjoys
pushing the envelope and studying controversial topics: gender roles,
sexual orientation, and most recently, precognition. Using technology,
he has shown that the brain may predict the future, and have some vague
memory of items before they are seen. Most scientists reject this;
others are curious.
Part B. Young Adulthood
29. How to "Ace" Your Freshman Year in the Workplace with C's: Culture,
Competence, and Consequences, Paul Hettich, Eye On Psi Chi, Spring 2010
Most young adults have unrealistic job expectations. The author
recommends career counseling by one's junior year. The transition from
school to work includes less structure, more uncertainty, team effort,
and skills at communicating in language and writing. Factors that lead
to promotions and those that influence termination are presented.
30. I Can't Think!, Sharon Begley, Newsweek, March 7, 2011
Technology can give us too much information, resulting in a cultural
information paralaysis. The brain's working memory only holds about
seven items without conscious cognitive processing. Overload results in
recent information trumping good data, and bad decisions being made.
Creativity requires percolating of ideas at the unconscious level.
Slower choices are often better choices.
31. Are We There Yet?, Jessica Bennett, Jesse Ellison, and Sarah Ball,
Newsweek, March 29, 2010
Has 40 years of Women's Lib changed much of the culture in the United
States? Across all careers men earn, on average, 20% more. More women
have college educations, but few are Fortune 500 CEOs, law partners, or
politicians. Gender differences have increased since 9/11. The United
States ranks 31st now in the Global Gender Gap Index. What ethical
issues arise out of this gender backlash?
32. Heartbreak and Home Runs: The Power of First Experiences, Jay
Dixit, Psychology Today, January/February 2010
First memories (love, sex, victories, losses, lying) last longest. They
shape our personalities. Young adults use the language of self-talk to
convince themselves what kinds of persons they are. While these early
experiences have power, they do not determine all future behavior.
Emotions are sufficient, but not necessarily the only reason for
personal reactions to events.
33. All Joy and No Fun: Why Parents Hate Parenting, Jennifer Senior,
New York, July 12, 2010
Adulthood is less happy when marriage leads to parenting. Children make
demands and add stressors unknown to childless couples. The emotions of
family life range from agony to ecstasy. Gender differences are
minimal. Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman found that child
care ranked very low on all adults' lists of pleasurable activities.
Unit 6: Development during Middle and Late Adulthood
Unit Overview
Part A. Middle Adulthood
34. Good Morning, Heartache, Kathleen McGowan, Psychology Today,
March/April 2009
Adulthood depression is common. Genetic factors and life stressors
affect brain chemistry creating negative emotions. Stressed people are
at risk for drug abuse and death by suicide. This article describes
journeys back to health with multiple components. Meditation,
spirituality, creativity, humor, nutrition, exercise, sleep,
acupuncture, medication, and cognitive therapy all help.
35. I Survived, Allison Samuels, Newsweek, May 23 and 30, 2011
"Magic" Johnson got HIV from heterosexual sex. He began antiretroviral
drugs before they were FDA approved, and, 20 years later, has not yet
developed AIDS. He is not cured. He must take his medicines at the same
time every day. His new career is education: fighting the cultural
stigma against AIDS. He tries to motivate children, adults, families,
and communities to fight the virus, prevent death, and live healthier
lives, even if they are one of the 33 million with HIV.
36. The New Survivors, Pamela Weintraub, Psychology Today, July/August
2009
The link between cancer and death is being broken. The stress of
surviving cancer is making some adults psychologically hardier.
Transformative benefits include more positive emotions, spirituality,
self-esteem, and friendships. Empowered by hope, survivors generate
more forgiveness, gratitude, kindness, and humor than in the past.
37. Curing Cancer, Sharon Begley, Newsweek, September 13, 2010
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has a 90% cure rate.
Technology has allowed identification of the genetic mutations in ALL
and they are hit with multiple drugs simultaneously. Identifying
specific mutations in adult cancers and targeting specific drugs
against their drivers can prevent death. Progress is slow. Health
depends on more genotyping and effective drugs.
38. Can You Build a Better Brain?, Sharon Begley, Newsweek, January 10
and 17, 2011
Studies purporting nutritional paths to brain development are weak.
Adults and aging persons who exercise, meditate, and play
technology-based games improve their memory and intelligence. Cognition
mechanics require BDNF to stimulate neurons, attention to strengthen
synapses, motivation to actualize potentials, and a reduction of stress
hormones.
Part B. Late Adulthood
39. Why Do Men Die Earlier?, Bridget Murray-Law, Monitor on Psychology,
June 2011
This article explains gender differences in health in adulthood and
aging. Male socialization towards aggression and suppressed emotions
leads to drug abuse and earlier death. Women, and men with
self-reliance and self-esteem, live longer. Cultural education and
removal of minority stress can extend life.
40. More Good Years, Dan Buettner, AARP The Magazine, September/
October 2009
The Earth has a few "Blue Zones." These are cultures where many people
reach age 90+ in good health with physical stamina. On the Greek island
of Ikaria, there is no Alzheimer's and little cancer, heart disease, or
diabetes. Aging well is attributed to good nutrition (Mediterranean
diet), exercise, spiritual values, strong family and friendship bonds,
optimistic emotions and few stressors.
41. This Is Your Brain. Aging., Sharon Begley, Newsweek, June 28 and
July 5, 2010
Brain development does not cease with aging. Research with retired
persons who had 40 minutes of aerobic exercise three times a week over
six months, demonstrated new learning and improved memory and reasoning
in that group. Emotional intelligence, vocabulary, and recalling the
past typically are good or improve with age. Genetics matter, but
cognitive interventions, like walking, can affect improvements.
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