The significant and continuous growth of the elderly population has been one of the most disturbing phenomena in contemporary society. The World Health Organization has highlighted its magnitude and impact on individuals and health systems. However, it is known that ageing is a natural process, characterized by complex and integrated morphofunctional events. Gerontology has sought to understand not only the relationship between the onset of disease and age, but also the absence of disease in longevity, and the different responses of individuals to the process are quite intriguing. This book presents mechanisms that seek to elucidate the aging process through possible biomarkers. It also points out biopolymers with therapeutic potential for promoting healthy ageing.