This book concerns the conditional use of human rights by the European Union in its external affairs. It traces the emergence of the conditionality within early development policies and later international agreements, subsequently focuses upon human rights conditionality in the context of enlargement. The work gives a comprehensive picture of the use of human rights conditionality in the Union s external affairs, analyzing its implications on third countries and eastward enlargement, focusing on cases of Estonia and Slovakia. In so doing it attempts to show what purposes does human rights conditionality serve and its relative success so far.