This is one of a few books written for energy engineers and planners in designing rural electrification programs in Indonesia context. The book explains in detailed manner the steps and procedures to identify, design, and analyze the locally-available energy resources to meet the reliable, affordable and sustainable power supply demand for remote locations not connected to any utility grid. Emphasizes were given to harness solar energy, hydro-kinetic power from rivers, and palm-biodiesel fuel for diesel generators, which are applicable in numerous rural areas of Indonesia. The HOMER simulation program was used as a technical design tool. It also used to analyze the economical and environmental aspects of the project. The I3A framework proposed by Retnanestri (2007) was adopted as a general criteria to enhance the sustainability of rural electrification programs in Indonesia. Although this book was based on the Riau Province situation, most of the procedures used here are applicable for many rural areas of developing countries.