The authors express their gratitude to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for funding the grant on the theme "Development of innovative technology for deep processing of hydrocarbon-containing plant raw materials and wastes to produce xylitol and sorbitol by means of combined chemical and enzymatic hydrolytic hydrolysis and hydrogenation", within the framework of which the works reflected in this monograph were carried out. Part of the research was carried out within the framework of the international project Erasmus+ 561841-ERR-1-2015-1-IT-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP "International cooperation between universities in the field of land conservation in European-Asian countries" (UCLAND).